Bones and Joints

Question 1

what is the anatomical position

Answer 1

standing erect, facing anteriorly
arms hanging at the side laterally, palms facing anteriorly
legs together, feet facing forward, toes pointing anteriorly

Question 2

coronal plane

Answer 2

divides body into anterior and posterior

Question 3

transverse plane

Answer 3

divides body into superior and anterior

Question 4

sagital plane

Answer 4

divides body into left and right

Question 5

lateral

Answer 5

away from midline

Question 6

medial

Answer 6

closer to midline

Question 7

proximal

Answer 7

near reference point

Question 8

distal

Answer 8

far away from reference point

Question 9

superficial

Answer 9

closer to surface

Question 10

deep

Answer 10

far away from the surface

Question 11

anterior

Answer 11

front

Question 12

posterior

Answer 12

back

Question 13

superior

Answer 13

up

Question 14

inferior

Answer 14

down

Question 15

MRI

Answer 15

bone and muscle - grey

fat - white

Question 16

X-ray

Answer 16

bone - white

Question 17

CT scan

Answer 17

bone - bright white

fat - black

Question 18

two types of bone in e.g the femur

Answer 18

spongy porous bone in at the end

hard compact bone surrounding the other layer

Question 19

where is bone marrow found

Answer 19

medullary cavity in diaphysis

Question 20

structure of a long bone

Answer 20

E
M
D
M
E

Question 21

name the 3 types of joints

Answer 21

fibrous - no movement - sutures joining skull
cartilaginous - small degree of movement - primary is the growth plate in end of long bones - secondary is IVD
synovial joint- range of movements

Question 22

name the 6 synovial joints

Answer 22

pivot joint 
hinge joint 
plane joint
saddle joint 
ball and socket
ellipsoid joint

Question 23

what is ossification

Answer 23

bone remodelling by
endochondral ossification - long bones
intramembranous ossification - flat bones

Question 24

axial skeleton

Answer 24

skull, vertebrae, sternum, sacrum, ribs

Question 25

apendicular skeleton

Answer 25

upper and lower limbs, pectoral and pelvic girdle

Question 26

flexion

Answer 26

forward from anatomical position (usually)

Question 27

extension

Answer 27

backward from anatomical position

Question 28

adduction

Answer 28

towards midline

Question 29

abduction

Answer 29

away from midline

Question 30

fossa

Answer 30

shallow depression

Question 31

process

Answer 31

projection / lumps and bumps

Question 32

foramen

Answer 32

holes

Question 33

sulcus

Answer 33

narrow groove

Question 34

tuberosity

Answer 34

rough projection

Question 35

tubercle

Answer 35

round projection

Question 36

spine

Answer 36

pointy process