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Respiratory Medicine > Pneumonia > Flashcards

Pneumonia Flashcards

1
Q

What is pneumonia?

A

A lower respiratory tract infection

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2
Q

How is pneumonia classified?

A

Community acquired pneumonia
Hospital acquired pneumonia
Aspiration pneumonia

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3
Q

What organisms can cause CAP?

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae
Haemophilus influenzae
Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Staph A
Legionella

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4
Q

What is HAP?

A

Occurs >48 hours of hospital admission

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5
Q

What organisms can cause HAP?

A

Enterobacteria
Staph A
Pseudomonas
Klebsiella

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6
Q

What causes aspiration pneumonia?

A

Infection caused by aspiration of fluid or food into respiratory tract

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7
Q

What side is aspiration more common in?

A

RIght - bronchi is more horizontal

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8
Q

What are the symptoms of pneumonia?

A

Fever
Rigors
Dyspnoea
Cough

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9
Q

What are the signs of pneumonia?

A

Confusion
Tachypnoea
Tachycardia
Fever

Signs of consolidation

  • reduced percussion
  • increased vocal resonance
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10
Q

How do you investigate suspected pneumonia?

A

Sputum sample

Bloods 
- FBC
- U+Es
- CRP 
Blood cultures

CXR

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11
Q

What would be seen on CXR?

A

Consolidation

+/- parapneumonic effusion

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12
Q

How do you asses the severity?

A

CURB-65

Confusion
Urea >7.0
RR >30
BP <90s or <60s

> 65

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13
Q

What is a CURB65 score of 0-1?

A

Treat at home

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14
Q

What is a CURB65 score of 2?

A

Hospital treatment

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15
Q

WHat is a CURB65 score of 3+?

A

Severe pneumonia - consider ITU

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16
Q

How is pneumonia managed?

A

Antibiotics
Oxygen
IV fluids
Analgesia

17
Q

How is pneumonia followed up?

A

6 weeks follow up CXR to check to resolving

18
Q

What are causes of non-resolving pneumonia?

A

CHAOS

Complication - empyema, lung abscess
Host - immunocompromised
Antibiotic - inadequate dose, wrong one
Organism - resistant or unexpected
Second diagnosis - PE, cancer
19
Q

What are complications of pneumonia?

A 
Type 1 respiratory failure 
Hypotension 
Atrial fibrillation 
Empyema 
Pleural effusion

Respiratory Medicine (18 decks)

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