Frågor från kurslitteratur

Question 1

Vad är de två resultaten från samhällets ökade kunskap om produkters miljöpåverkan?

Answer 1

Lagstiftning och kundkrav på produkters miljöpåverkan

Question 2

What is Integrated Product Policy (IPP)?

Answer 2

IPP seeks to minimize products environmental degradation from manufacturing, use and disposal (all phases of LC perspective) and then take action depending on where the situation is considered to be most effective.

Question 3

During the design process, how much of a products life cycle cost is determined?

Answer 3

90 percent

Question 4

What has been a big problem with DfE methods/tools and developers?

Answer 4

It has been a vast development of new methods and tools for DfE instead of studying how current methods and tools actually work in a PD process and how the already existing ones can be improved

Question 5

What is important when using DfE method or tool?

Answer 5

• Understand its various advantages and disadvantages

- Know under what circumstances a method is valid for use.

Question 6

What does the usefulness of a method or tool depend upon?

Answer 6

1. The quality of the method/tool

2. The quality of the outcome

Question 7

Ge en alternativ definition av product developmen

Answer 7

“all activities in a company aiming at bringing a new product to the market, normally involves design, marketing and manufacturing functions in the company”

Question 8

What is the basic idea of integrated product development?

Answer 8

To increase the efficiency in PD by more parallel activities and a higher degree of co-operation between functions, levels and individuals in an enterprise

Question 9

Name the four characteristics of integrated product development

Answer 9

1. Parallel activities
2. cross-functional collaboration
3. structured processes
4. front-loaded development

Question 10

What is the GAPT-model?

Answer 10

A model that illustrates how methods and tools can be used on different levels in the PD-process

Question 11

Name the meaning of G in the GAPT-model

Answer 11

G - guidelines for design work (training in how to use the method is needed)

Question 12

Name the meaning of A in the GAPT-model

Answer 12

A - analysis of product features. Time is required to carry out a formal analysis

Question 13

Name the meaning of P in the GAPT-model

Answer 13

P - product design review. More time is needed for discussions concerning ideas and evaluation of suggestions in a larger group

Question 14

Name the meaning of T in the GAPT-model

Answer 14

T - Team-building in design work. A larger crossfunctional group needs to be set up and the activities need to be well coordinated and planned.

Question 15

List the requirements a method/tool should fulfill

Answer 15

• Integration
• Multifunctional team
• Early phases (be used in early PD-process). Should be time efficient and low quality data (design paradox, mehtod should be able to handle low quality data).
• Easy to learn, understand and use
• Life cycle perspective
• Marketing aspects (environmental issues cant be handled as a single activity in the PD process)

Question 16

Vad skiljer PPs definition av ecodesign från ISOs?

Answer 16

Den från föreläsningen säger att eco-design är “a way of better design” för att minska miljöpåverkan genom hela livscykeln. ISO menar att eco-design är att integrera environmental impact i design och utveckling för att minska miljöpåverkan.

Question 17

Vilka aspekter har man med i en black box modell?

Answer 17

Operand, huvudfunktion, input och output

Question 18

Vad gör operanden i black box?

Answer 18

En operand syftar till att omvandla någonting. En operand kan bestå av material, energi eller information. Operanden är kläder i frågan om att rengöra kläder. Det är inte ovanligt att man har flera operander - exempelvis vatten och tepåse

Question 19

Vad gör huvudfunktionen i en black box

Answer 19

Exempelvis rengöra kläder.

Question 20

Vad gör input och output i en black box?

Answer 20

Avgör vad som ska hända med operanden innan och efter huvudfunktionen. Input kan vara smutsiga kläder och output rena kläder.

Question 21

Vad är skillnaden på funktion och medel i ett funktions-/medelträd?

Answer 21

Funktion beskriver det tekniska systemets uppgift, medel beskriver realiseringen.

Question 22

What is the biggest issue with EoL processes today (End-of-life)

Answer 22

The products are not designed for alternative EoL processes but is often designed to be disposed of at end of life.

Question 23

Why use automated disassembly?

Answer 23

• Lowering costs

- minimize the exposure of hazardous materials for humans

Question 24

How can manual disassembly be preferable over automated?

Answer 24

Its more flexible for the technological change/update in products, automated processes are expensive to change.