Nature and Nurture Part II

Question 1

Epigenetics

Answer 1

• the study of the expression of genes

- searchers: how do genes make their effect?

Question 2

What was the general idea of genes ?

Answer 2

that genes affect phenotype

Question 3

genes as dependent variables. What do genes require in order to have an influence ?

Answer 3

• Genes need to be expressed to assert an influence
• Experience and exposure (environment) can determined whether a gene gets turn on or off

-Genes can be turn and off through a chemical process called methylation

Question 4

experience A affects gene A which affects phenotype A … is an example of

Answer 4

genes are dependent variables

Question 5

positive association

Answer 5

• can be strong or weak
• the more x the more y
• the less x the more y

Question 6

negative association

Answer 6

• the more x the less y

- the less x the more y

Question 7

Risk, resilience, and molecular genetics : beyond statistical inferences

Answer 7

• molecular genetics

- gene-environment interaction

Question 8

gene environment interaction

Answer 8

-The notion that environmental exposures might affect some of us more than others b/c of our genetic makeup

• Have to know both the environment and genes
• Some people have genes that make them more susceptible
• Two people can be function the same way for different reasons

Question 9

two people can function the same way for what two different reasons

Answer 9

□ One was born that way

□ One was made that way (environment taught them to function that way)

Question 10

WHY WOULD NATURAL SELECTION CRAFT AN ORGANISM WHOSE FUTURE FUNCTIONING IS INFLUENCED BY ITS EARLIER EXPERIENCES?

Answer 10

○ Early experiences adjust development for what we expect the future will be

-Because the future is uncertain sometimes it pays off early in life to be shaped by it, but sometimes it pays off to not be susceptible

Question 11

Two investment strategies

Answer 11

1. Kids who are going to be shaped by their early experiences and rearing
2. Kids who are not shaped by their rearing