ATTACHMENT PART II

Question 1

determinants of attachment: Lived experiences

Answer 1

○ Lived experiences: what happens to us in life

-Bowlby looked at separation anxiety (children being separated from parents)

Question 2

maternal sensitivity and attachment security

Answer 2

• CAREGIVER SENSITIVITY: pays attention to the baby’s cues and responds back

-Managing one’s feelings and desires with baby in mind

1. Awareness of infant’s signals
2. Accurate interpretation of signal
3. Timely responsiveness to signals

-Appropriateness of response

Question 3

–A subsequent meta-analysis based upon data from more than 4,000 infants and their mothers who participated in 66 investigations yielded a reliable effect size of .22 (DeWolff & van Ijzendoorn, 1997).

Answer 3

○ The more sensitive the mothers are the more likely a child will be securely attached

-The less sensitive the mothers are the more likely a child will be insecurely attached

Question 4

sensitive fathers + father involvement creates ?

Answer 4

secure attachment in child

Question 5

Brown, Mangelsdorf & Neff (2012) measured attachment security at age 3 (using a method other than the SS—the AQS/observers) to see how two different aspects of fathering related to security of attachment to father.

Answer 5

Results revealed an interaction between the two fathering measures:

-while attachments were more secure when fathers were more sensitive, a high level of involvement could compensate for a low level of sensitivity.

Question 6

Bakermans-Kranenburg, Van IJzendoorn & Juffer (2003) (23 studies)

Answer 6

○ Those who got the intervention vs the control group that promotes sensitivity turned out more sensitive

-Those whose parents got the intervention to foster sensitivity turned out to be more sensitive

Question 7

but LESS IS MORE

Answer 7

○ Use to promote secure attachment in parents

-Targeting the parent not the parenting

Question 8

Causal Effects of Sensitivity on Attachment Are Modest in Magnitude;

Answer 8

• The theory suggests a stronger impact than the evidence supplies. But why?
• Moderating conditions: there are other factors that need to be taken into consideration

Question 9

But what about differential susceptibility?

We are shaped by our experiences

Answer 9

We are shaped by our experiences

Question 10

determinants of attachment

Answer 10

• heritability
• lived experiences
• experimental evidence
• differential susceptibility

Question 11

By what developmental processes and through what developmental mechanisms should early attachment come to be related to later psychological/behavioral functioning?

Answer 11

• Bowlby’s key contributions

- internal working model of self and others

Question 12

internal working model

Answer 12

• Internal = self
• Working = not fixed hence influenced along the way
• Model: how I know and think of the world

-Kid 1: act first then ask questions later = insecure child (others can’t be trusted)
□ Been treated badly at home —> doesn’t like school —> creates negative encounters at school –> gets in trouble —> negative emotions develop —> reinforcers internal working model that everyone is bad = more trouble forming relationships later on

-Kid 2: think first then act —> I am love, accidents happen = secure child

Question 13

the internal working model sees the child as an _____ agent

Answer 13

active

• memory and attention
• social information processing

Question 14

By what developmental process and through what developmental mechanisms should early attachment come to be related to later psychological and behavioral functioning?

Answer 14

transactional probabilistic processes

Question 15

attachment as protective factor

Answer 15

○ Protective factor in the safe of adversity

• Being secure buffers an individual from adversity
• Prevents an individual from succumbing , HOWEVER does not protect from everything