Hormones Flashcards
Describe autocrine, paracrine and endocrine signalling.
Auto = acts on self Para = acts on neighbour Endo = travels via blood to act on target receptor
Name the 3 types of hormone + what they are made from + time to reach half life.
Amine hormones, amino acids, seconds
Peptide and protein hormones, polypeptide chains, minutes
Steroid hormones, lipids from cholesterol, hours
Give 3 examples of amine hormones + what 2 amino acids amine hormones derive from and hydrophilic/hydrophobic?
Adrenaline T3/T4 Melatonin Tyrosine or tryptophan Hydrophilic
Give 3 examples of peptide/protein hormones and hydrophilic/hydrophobic?
Insulin
Glucagon
GH
Hydrophilic
Give 2 examples of steroid hormones and hydrophilic/hydrophobic + feature which allows membrane diffusion?
Cortisol
Aldosterone
Hydrophobic
Lipophilic
What is the major determinant of hormone concentration?
Rate of secretion
Name the 3 types of hormone receptor + whether they are membrane or intracellular.
GPCR, membrane
Tyrosine kinase, membrane
Nuclear receptors, intracellular
Describe class 1, 2 and hybrid nuclear receptors?
1 = in cytoplasm bound to HSPs and activated by steroid hormones 2 = in nucleus and activated by lipids Hybrid = activated by T3
What type of receptor does insulin use?
Tyrosine kinase
What type of tyrosine kinase receptor does prolactin and GH use?
Cytokine
Describe the fluid compartment divisions of the body.
Intracellular and extracellular
Extracellular can be intravascular or extravascular
What is another name for intravascular and extravascular fluid?
Intra = plasma Extra = interstitial fluid
What is the rate limiting step of steroid synthesis?
Cholesterol to pregenelone
How are steroids made?
Stimuli causes cholesterol uptake into cells
Cholesterol converted to pregnenolone which us used to build steroid
Which 2 organs eliminate the majority of hormones?
Liver
Kidney
