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Year 2 MBChB Endocrine > Pregnancy > Flashcards

Pregnancy Flashcards

1
Q

What hormone increases in pregnancy and is detected by a pregnancy test?

A

Human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG)

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2
Q

Name 3 hormones a placenta secretes?

A

Human placental lactogen (hPL)
Placental oestrogen
Placental progesterone

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3
Q

What type of diabetes can women get during pregnancy?

A

T1DM
T2DM
GDM

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4
Q

What is gestational diabetes and what causes it?

A

Diabetes in 2nd or 3rd trimester with no previous history

Placental hormones cause insulin resistance in mother which increases blood glucose

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5
Q

Which 2 hormones increase insulin resistance?

A

Progesterone

hPL

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6
Q

Gestational diabetes is a risk factor for what condition?

A

T2DM

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7
Q

How does gestational diabetes affect an unborn baby?

A

Mum’s hyperglycaemia

Baby hyperinsulinemia

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8
Q

Name 5 effects of gestational diabetes on a foetus.

A 
Congenital defect
Premature birth
Death
Macrosomnia
Polyhydramnios
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9
Q

Name 3 effects of gestational diabetes on a neonate.

A

Hypoglycemia
RDS
Hypocalcemia

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10
Q

What is macrosomia + link to gestational diabetes?

A

Baby > 90th size centile
Baby produces own insulin in 3rd trimester as a growth factor
Extra insulin from compensatory hyperinsulinemia causes excess growth

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11
Q

4 treatments for gestational diabetes?

A

Metformin
Insulin
Folic acid
Aspirin

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12
Q

What 2 drugs need to be avoided in gestational diabetes?

A

ACEIs

Statins

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13
Q

What follow up test is done to diagnose T2DM after gestational diabetes?

A

6 week post-natal OGTT

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14
Q

What is the percentage risk of T2DM 10-15 years after gestational diabetes?

A

50%

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15
Q

Gestational hypothyroidism is caused by?

A

History of hypothyroidism and inability to compensate for increased thyroid demand

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16
Q

Treatment adjustment for gestational hypothyroidism?

A

Increase thyroxine by 25 micrograms

17
Q

Monitoring of gestational hypothyroidism + target?

A

TSH every month for 5 months then every 2 months

TSH < 3

18
Q

What is hyperemesis gravidarum caused by?

A

hCG increased thyroxine and suppresses TSH

19
Q

When should hyperemesis gravidarum resolve?

A

20 weeks

20
Q

Treatment for gestational hyperthyroidism?

A

PTU for 1st trimester then carbimazole

Beta blockers

21
Q

What trimester should TRAb antibodies be tested + why?

A

3rd trimester

Hyperthyroidism can cause transient neonatal hyperthyroidism

22
Q

What is postpartum thyroiditis?

A

Transient hyperthyroid resolving to hypothyroid

Year 2 MBChB Endocrine (14 decks)

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