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Year 2 MBChB Endocrine > Parathyroid Disease > Flashcards

Parathyroid Disease Flashcards

1
Q

What is the main cause of hyperparathyroidism?

A

Adenomas

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2
Q

Name 2 other causes of primary hyperparathyroidism.

A

MEN 1/2

Carcinoma

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3
Q

What is the profile of primary hyperparathyroidism in terms of Ca, phosphate, PTH and ALP?

A

High Ca
Normal phosphate
High PTH
Normal ALP

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4
Q

What causes secondary hyperparathyroidism + what is the profile in terms of Ca and PTH?

A

Low calcium/vit D
Low Ca
High PTH

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5
Q

What is the cause of tertiary hyperparathyroidism + what is the profile in terms of Ca and PTH?

A

Autonomy after prolonged overactivity
High Ca
High PTH

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6
Q

Hyperparathyroidism/ hypercalcemia symptoms?

A

Bones
Stones
Abdominal groans
Psychic moans

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7
Q

What scan is used to locate parathyroid tumours causing hyperparathyroidism?

A

Sestamibi scan

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8
Q

Treatment of primary/ tertiary hyperparathyroidism?

A

Parathyroidectomy

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9
Q

4 parts of treatment for secondary hyperparathyroidism due to CKD?

A

Parathyroidectomy
Bisphosphonates
Calcium/Vit D supplements
Thiazide diuretics

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10
Q

Name 4 causes of hypercalcemia.

A

Hyperparathyroidism
High bone turnover
Malignancy
Thiazide diuretics

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11
Q

Treatment for acute + chronic hypercalcemia?

A 
Acute = IV calcium gluconate 
Chronic = calcium and vit D supplements
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12
Q

Hypercalcemia with normal/low PTH and high ALP would suggest?

A

Bone disease

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13
Q

What is the profile of bone malignancy in terms of Ca, phosphate, PTH and ALP?

A

High Ca
Normal phosphate
Normal PTH
High ALP

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14
Q

What is osteomalacia profile in terms of Ca, phosphate, PTH and ALP?

A

Low/normal Ca
Low phosphate
Low/normal PTH
High ALP

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18
Q

What is hypoparathyroidism usually seen as + profile in terms of Ca, phosphate, PTH and ALP?

A 
Post-surgery complication
Low Ca
Normal/high phosphate
Low PTH
Normal ALP
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19
Q

Name 4 causes of hypoparathyroidism.

A

Di George syndrome
Trauma
Autoimmunity
Hypomagnesia

20
Q

Name 4 symptoms of hypoparathyroidism.

A

Neuromuscular disease
Mental illness
Long QT
Dental disease

21
Q

What sign taps the facial nerve to test for hypocalcemia + positive result?

A

Chvotek’s

Facial twitching

22
Q

What sign inflates BP cuff above SBP for 3 minutes to test for hypocalcemia + positive result?

A

Trousseau’s

Carpopedal spasm

23
Q

What is the treatment for hypoparathyroidism?

A

Calcium/Vit D supplements

24
Q

Familial hypoparathyroidism occurs with other endocrine disorders such as?

A

Primary adrenal insufficiency

24
Q

What is pseudohypoparathyroidism?

A

Resistance to PTH causing hypocalcemia

25
Q

What genetic mutations is pseudohypoparathyroidism caused by and how does this affect PTH?

A

GNAS1

Decreases response to PTH so PTH elevated

26
Q

What receptor in the parathyroid gland detects Ca levels?

A

CaSR

27
Q

Name 4 signs of pseudohypoparathyroidism?

A

Bone disease
Obesity
Learning difficulty
Brachydactyly

28
Q

What is the mutation + inheritance of FHH?

A

CaSR mutation

AD

29
Q

What genetic condition causes high blood calcium and low urine calcium without parathyroid disease?

A

Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia (FHH)

30
Q

Which electrolyte needs to be low to allow calcium release from cells?

A

Magnesium

31
Q

3 drugs for chronic vitamin D deficiency?

A

Vitamin D3
Calcitrol
Alfacalcidol

32
Q

Name 4 causes of hypo magnesia.

A

Alcohol
Thiazide diuretics
PPIs
GI disease

32
Q

Name 3 causes of hypocalcemia.

A

Hypoparathyroidism
Vitamin D deficiency
CKD

32
Q

What is the extreme manifestation of vitamin D deficiency in children + adults?

A 
Children = rickets
Adults = osteomalacia

Year 2 MBChB Endocrine (14 decks)

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