Prokaryotic v Eukaryotes

Question 1

Define Eukaryotic

Answer 1

Contains membrane bound organelles and a distinct nucleus

Larger than prokaryotic cells

Question 2

Define prokaryotic

Answer 2

No nucleus or nuclear envelope

Smaller than eukaryotic

Question 3

Why are bacteria successful?

Answer 3

They are versatile and adaptable

Question 4

Name the cell structures found in a prokaryotic cell

Answer 4

cell wall
capsule
cell surface membrane
circular DNA
plasmid
ribosomes
cytoplasm

Question 5

What is the function of the cell wall in a prokaryotic cell?

Answer 5

Physical barrier to exclude certain substances and protects against osmotic lysis and mechanical damage

Question 6

What is the cell wall in a prokaryotic cell made from?

Answer 6

Murein

Question 7

What is the function of the (slime) capsule in a prokaryotic cell?

Answer 7

Protection from other cells and helps other bacteria stick together for protection

Question 8

What is the function of the cell surface membrane in a prokaryotic cell?

Answer 8

food reserve = glycogen granules and oil droplets

differentially permeable layer controls entry and exit of cells

Question 9

What is the function of the circular DNA in a prokaryotic cell?

Answer 9

possesses genetic information for replication

Question 10

What is the function of the plasmid in a prokaryotic cell?

Answer 10

Can reproduce independently
produce enzymes to break down antibiotics
MAY possess genes that aid the survival of bacteria in adverse conditions.

Question 11

How are plasmids used in science?

Answer 11

Vector in genetic engineering

Question 12

Name 8 differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

Answer 12

P= no true nucleus/ E= distinct nucleus

P=(Pro)DNA not associated with proteins/ E= DNA associated with histones

P= may have plasmids/E=no plasmids

P= No membrane bound organelles /E= does

P= no chloroplasts( only some bacterial-chlorophyll within csm/ E= chloroplasts in plants and algae

P= 70S ribosomes /E= 80S ribosomes

P=cell wall made of murien/E= cellulose or chitin

P= may have capsule /E= no capsule

Question 13

Describe a virus

Answer 13

acellular
non-living
smaller than bacteria
20-300nm
only multiply inside living host cells

Question 14

List the features of a virus

Answer 14

Matrix
Attachment protein
lipid envelope
capsid
reverse transcriptase 
genetic material

Question 15

What is the name for cells becoming specialised ?

Answer 15

Cell specialisation/ differentiation

Question 16

Define tissue

Answer 16

a collection of similar cells that perform a specific function

Question 17

Describe epithelial cells

Answer 17

found in animals as sheets of cells and line the surface of organs. With a protective or secretory function

Question 18

Define organ

Answer 18

combination of coordinated tissues to perform a variety of functions with a predominant function

Question 19

Give 2 examples of organs

Answer 19

Stomach= muscle mix contents, connective tissue hold tissue together, epithelium protect wall and produces secretions

leaf= Xylem, phloem, palisade and spongy mesophyll

Question 20

Define organ system

Answer 20

group of organs working together to perform a particular function

Question 21

Give three examples of organ systems

Answer 21

Digestive system= digests and process food
Respiratory system= breathing and gas exchange
Circulatory System= circulates