circulatory system

Question 1

What determines if there is a specialised transport medium?

Answer 1

the SA: Vol

how active an organism is

Question 2

What are the common features of a transport system?

Answer 2

suitable medium to carry materials
transported medium is moved in bulk
close system of tubular vessels ( which requires pressure difference)
mechanism the control the flow of the transport medium

Question 3

What type of system so mammals have?

Answer 3

closed double circulatory system

high body temp and metabolism

Question 4

What is the name for the vein and artery that connect to the kidneys?

Answer 4

renal vein/artery

Question 5

Define atrium

Answer 5

thin-walled elastic and stretches as it collects blood

Question 6

Define ventricle

Answer 6

thicker contracts strongly to pump blood some distance

Question 7

What is the difference in the right and left ventricle wall and why?

Answer 7

Lv

RV pumps blood only to the heart ( a shorter distance than the LV) so has thinner wall
The thicker wall is needed to create a large amount of pressure.

Question 8

What are the chambers of the heart and their corresponding valves and vessels?

Answer 8

vena cava pulmonary vein
|———– ———————– ————|
| Right Atrium | Left Atrium |
|————- —————|————- ————-|
|Right ventricle——–|| Left ventricle
|————– ————–||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| ||||
pulmonary artery aorta

Left Artium - Left ventricle = Bicuspid valvue
Right Atrium - Right ventricles = Tricuspid valve

ventricle - vessel = semi lunar valves

Question 9

What is the Aorta connect to ( heart chamber) and what does it carry?

Answer 9

Aorta connected to left ventricle

carries oxygenated blood to all body bar the lungs

Question 10

What is the Vena Cava connect to ( heart chamber) and what does it carry?

Answer 10

Vena Cava connected to Right atrium

bringing deoxygenated blood from the tissues

Question 11

What is the pulmonary artery connect to ( heart chamber) and what does it carry?

Answer 11

Pulmonary Artery connected to the right ventricle

carries deoxygenated blood to lungs.

Question 12

What is the pulmonary vein connect to ( heart chamber) and what does it carry?

Answer 12

pulmonary vein connected to the left atrium

brings oxygenated blood back from lungs

Question 13

What causes a heart attack/myocardial infarction?

Answer 13

the coronary arteries, which supply blood to the heart, can become blocked
so areas of the heart cannot aerobically respire
so die

Question 14

What increases the risk of getting coronary heart? disease

Answer 14

genetic makeup
smoking
high blood pressure
diet

Question 15

How many cardiac cycles occur a minute when at rest?

Answer 15

70 times

Question 16

What is the name for the movement of blood in the heart?

Answer 16

the cardiac cycle

Question 17

What is the name for the contraction of the heart?

Answer 17

Systole

Question 18

What is the name of the relaxation of the heart?

Answer 18

Diastole

Question 19

Name the 3 stages of the cardiac cycle

Answer 19

Diastole ( when the heart relaxes)
Atrial Systole (contraction of atria)
Ventricular Systole ( contraction of ventricles)

Question 20

Explain what occurs during diastole

Answer 20

Blood returns to atria via pulmonary vein and vena cava
as the artia fills, the pressure rises till the ap > vp
Atrioventricular valve opens,
blood flows into the ventricle
aided by gravity and the muscular walls relaxed
relaxation of v. walls recoil and reduce pressure
pressure in aorta and pulmonary artery < ventricles
so semi lunar valves shut creating lub sound

Question 21

Explain what occurs during atrial systole

Answer 21

contraction of atria walls and recoil of relaxed ventricle walls forces remaining blood into ventricles from atria
ventricles remain relaxed

Question 22

Explain what occurs during ventricular systole

Answer 22

after short delay so ventricles can fill with blood
ventricles walls contract simultaneously
this increases the blood pressure
which forces shut the atrioventricular valves and prevents backflow of blood into atria
the shutting of the valves further increase pressure
when v>a pressure blood is forced out

Question 23

What is the equation for cardiac output?

include units

Answer 23

heart rate (bpm) x stroke volume (dm3)