Biodiversity 2

Question 1

Define species diversity

Answer 1

number of different species and the number of individuals of each species within any one community

Question 2

Define genetic diversity

Answer 2

variety of genes possessed by the individuals that make up the population of the species

Question 3

Define ecosystem diversity

Answer 3

range of different habitats

Question 4

Define habitat

Answer 4

place where community of organism is usually found

Question 5

Define ecosystem

Answer 5

all populations of different organisms interacting in a particular place at a particular time

Question 6

Define community

Answer 6

all the abiotic and biotic components of a particular area

Question 7

What is the advantage of diversity index?

Answer 7

takes into account population size as well as total number of each species

Question 8

Why is diversity important?/ what happens when x occurs? ( common exam Qs)

Answer 8

reduce variety of plants
fewer habitats
decrease food source

Question 9

How to we directly remove and reduce species diversity?

Answer 9

removal of hedgerows and grubbing out woodland
creating monocultures
filling in ponds and draining marsh/wetlands
overgrazing of land which prevents regeneration of woodland

Question 10

How do we have an indirect effect on species diversity?

Answer 10

use of pesticide and inorganic fertilizers
escape of effluent from silage stores and slurry tanks into H20 courses
absence of crop rotation

Question 11

What are conservation techniques?

Answer 11

maintain existing hedgerows and beneficial height and shape ( A)
plant hedges rather than erect fields
maintain and create ponds
leave wet corners of fields don’t drain them
maintain and create ponds
plants native trees on land with low species diversity
reduce use of pesticides
use organic fertilizers
use crop rotation that involves a N fixing crop rather than fertiliser to improve soil fertility
use intercropping rather than herbicides to control pest
create natural meadows and use hay to grass for silage (feed livestock)
leave cutting of verges and field until after flowering
introduce conservation headlands

Question 12

How do pesticides affect other animals?

Answer 12

food source killed by pesticide
lack of alternative source
pesticide passed through food chain

Question 13

Define polygenetic?

Answer 13

Characteristics coded for by more than one gene

Question 14

Why is cytochrome C used for identifying organism relations?

Answer 14

it is found in all animals/eukaryotes

Question 15

Why is x better than y for identifying relationships between organisms?

Answer 15

longer base sequence than amino acid sequence

code is degenerative.

Question 16

Define interspecific variation

Answer 16

variation between different species

Question 17

Define intraspecific variation

Answer 17

variation between the same species

Question 18

Why is random sampling useful?

Answer 18

removes sampling bias

avoids chance

Question 19

How do you remove sampling bias?

Answer 19

Divide area into a grid of coordinates
use computer to randomly generate a coordinate
take the sale from this coordinate

Question 20

How do you reduce chance?

Answer 20

use large sample size

analyse data using statistical tests

Question 21

What is the point of inflexion?

Answer 21

When the curve turns convex to concave

Question 22

When is standard deviation significant?

Answer 22

When there is no overlap

Question 23

What is the percentage for 1 2 3 standard deviations away from the mean?

Answer 23

total number
68%
95%
99%

Question 24

What is meant by a hierarchy?

Answer 24

groups within groups

with no overlap

Question 25

Animal A and B have the same number of allele bases different with humans. Are they closely related?

Answer 25

no as code is degenerate

they are not compared with each other

Question 26

Can a mule produce fertile offspring and why?

Answer 26

no as they have an uneven number of chromosomes

which cannot pair up

Question 27

What can cause low levels of genetic diversity?

Answer 27

hunting
bottleneck effect
founder effect
inbreeding

Question 28

Genetic diversity be found by comparing?

Answer 28

Base sequence of DNA +RNA
Amino acid sequence
Frequency of characteristics