Condition- Glomerulonephritis Flashcards
What is glomerulonephritis?
Immunological mediated inflammation of the renal glomeruli
List some causes of glomerulonephritis
- V
- Infection: group A strep, hepB/C, endocarditis, HIV
- T
- Autoimmune/ inflammatory: SLE, rheumatoid, anti-GBM disease, schleroderma
- Metabolic: DM, HT, thyroidits
- Iatogenic: gold, penicillamine, NSAIDs
- Neoplastic: tumours
- Congenital: Alport’s
What are the two syndromes of presentation of glomerulnephritis? and what is the main difference between them
Nephrotic syndrome = PROTEINuria
Nephritic syndrome = HAEMATuria
State the nephrotic triad- state values+ units too
Proteinuria >3.5g/24hrs
Hypoalbuminaemia <24g/L
Oedema
(also get hyperlipidaemia)
State the nephritic triad
Haematuria
Hypertension
AKI- severe drop in GFR + renal filtration capacity= low urine output
List some common primary causes of nephrotic syndrome
Membraneous glomerulo nephritis
Minimal change disease- children
Mesangoicapillary GN
List some common secondary causes of nephrotic syndrome
DM
SLE
Amyloid
Hep B/C
List some common primary causes of nephritic syndrome
IgA nephropathy
Mesangiocapillary GN
List some common secondary causes of nephritic syndrome
Post strep infection
Vasculitis
SLE
Anti-GBM disease
List some common symptoms of a patient with glomerulonephritis
- Haematuria
- Polyuria
- Oedema- swelling
- Hx of recent infection
- Symtpoms of uraemia/ renal failure (acute and chronic)
List some signs of GN on physical examination
Hypertension
Urine dip- haematuria/ proteinuria
Peripheral Oedema + SOB
List 5 antibodies you could look for in the serum of a pt with GN
- SLE: ANA + Anti-dsDNA
- Vasculitides: ANCA
- Goodpasture’s: Anti-GBM anibodies
- Cryoglobulins
Which investigations would you order to identify the degree of damage and cause of GN
- BEDSIDE: BP, urine dipstick, 24hr urine collection for creatinine clearance
- BLOODS: FBC, U&Es, LFTs, Lipid, Complement, antibodies
- IMAGING: US, renal biopsy- to ID which subset of GN it is
