Headache Flashcards by Francesca B | Brainscape

Q

What are the primary headaches?

A

Tension
Migraine
Cluster

[No underlying primary pathological cause to headaches]

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Q

What are the secondary headaches?

A

Trigeminal neuralgia
Raised ICP- space occupying lesion- tumours/bleeds
Haemorrhages/bleeds- subarachnoid, subdural, epi/extradural
Giant cell/temporal arteritis
Meningitis
Encephalitis

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Q

What is a primary headache?

A

Stand alone illness caused directly by overactivity of nerves/problems with structures in head that are pain sensitive
Less serious than secondary headache.

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Q

What is a secondary headache?

A

Headache secondary to another condition.
More serious + can have serious complication.

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Q

Tension headache

Definition

Aetiology

Risk factors

Epidemiology

Symptoms Signs

Investigations

Management

Associated complication to look out for?

A

Tension headache

Definition

Benign headache, tight band around head

Aetiology

Risk factors

Epidemiology

Symptoms

S O C R A T E S

Symptoms Signs

Investigations

Management

Associated complication to look out for?

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Q

Cluster headache Definition Aetiology Risk factors Epidemiology Triggers Symptoms Signs Investigations Management

A

Cluster headache Definition Aetiology Risk factors Epidemiology Triggers Symptoms Signs Investigations Management

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Q

Cluster headache Definition Aetiology Risk factors Epidemiology Triggers Symptoms Signs Investigations Management

A

Cluster headache Definition Aetiology Risk factors Epidemiology Triggers Symptoms Signs Investigations Management

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Q

Migraine Definition Aetiology Risk factors Epidemiology Triggers Symptoms Signs Investigations Management

A

Cluster headache Definition Aetiology Risk factors Epidemiology Triggers Symptoms Signs Investigations Management

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Q

Cluster headache Definition Aetiology Risk factors Epidemiology Triggers Symptoms Signs Investigations

A

Cluster headache Definition Aetiology Risk factors Epidemiology Triggers Symptoms Signs Investigations Management

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Q

A 41-year-old man complains of terrible headache. It started without warning, while at work. It affects the right side of his head. He scores it ‘11/10’ in severity. He had a similar episode six months ago, experiencing very similar headaches over 2 weeks which resolved spontaneously. On observation, he right side is red and he also has ptosis on the right side. What is the diagnosis?

A. Subarachnoid haemorrhage

B. Tension headache

C. Intracerebral haemorrhage

D. Migraine

E. Cluster headache

A

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Q

A 40-year-old man complains of a one-year history of 1 to 3

attacks per month of disabling pain over one temple, with

nausea and sensitivity to light. He says that his headaches

can be triggered by lack of sleep and made worse by

physical exertion. He has tried ibuprofen and NSAIDs but

they don’t seem to have an effect and the headaches are

being debilitating. What’s the next most appropriate step

in his management?

A.Codeine

B.Diclofenac

C.Sumatriptan

D.Topiramate

E.Amitriptyline

A

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Q

Trigeminal neuralgia

Definition

Aetiology

Risk factors

Triggers

Symptoms

Signs

Investigations

A

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Q

Meningitis

Definition

Aetiology

Risk factors

Symptoms

Signs

Investigations

Management- community and hospital

Complications

A

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Q

CSF results in different types of meningitis

A

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Q

Encephalitis

Definition

Aetiology

Risk factors

Symptoms

Signs

Investigations

A

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Q

What are the serious/red flags causes of headache?

A

-
-
-

Q

Differences between meningitis and encephalitis?

Three things

Location of infection
Aetiology/causative organism
Consciousness

A

Q

A 19-year old medical student present with to A & E with

headache, fever, and neck stiffness. Once raised ICP is

excluded a lumbar puncture is performed and CSF

analysis reveals the following:

High polymorphs, low glucose and high protein

Given the most likely diagnosis, which is the most likely

causative organism?

A.Listeria monocytogenes

B.HIV

C.HSV

D.Neisseria meningitidis

E. VZV

A

Q

Which causative organisms are most likely to cause meningitis in the following age groups?

Babies/infants

Young children

Teenagers/adults

Elderly

A

Q

An older man with a longstanding history of AF on anticoagulation with warfarin is brought into A & E by his carer, who is concerned about the patient’s confusion at home. The carer describes frequent falls over the last several months. On examination, he has a right-sided pronator drift and is weaker on his right side. His mental status testing reveals poor concentration. What is the most likely cause of his symptoms?

A.Stroke

B.Subdural haemorrhage

C.Alzheimer’s disease

D.Encephalitis

E. Parkinson’s disease

A

Q

Subdural haemorrhage

Definition

Aetiology/pathophysiology

Epidemiology

Symptoms

Signs on examination

Investigations

A

Q

Headache caused by raised ICP

A

Q

Subdural haemorrhage

A

Q

Extradural/epidural haemorrhage

A

Q

Subarachnoid haemorrhage

A

Q

A 33-year-old woman attends her six-month follow-up appointment for headache. They are migrainous in nature but whereas she used to have them every few months, over the last three months she has experienced a chronic daily headache. She takes co-codamol qds and ibuprofen tds. What is the best medical management?

A. Stop all medication

B. Start paracetamol

C. Start sumatriptan

D. Start propranolol

E. Continue current medication

A

Q

CNS tumours

A

Q

Fill in table- different types of haemorrhage/bleed

A

Q

An older man with a longstanding history of AF on anticoagulation with warfarin is brought into A & E by his carer, who is concerned about the patient’s confusion at home. The carer describes frequent falls over the last several months. On examination, he has a right-sided pronator drift and is weaker on his right side. His mental status testing reveals poor concentration. What is the most likely cause of his symptoms?

A.Stroke

B.Subdural haemorrhage

C.Alzheimer’s disease

D.Encephalitis

E. Parkinson’s disease

A

Q

What are the red flag symptoms/signs of headache?

A

Q

Medication overuse headache

A