The Kidneys

Question 1

Excretion

Answer 1

Removal of metabolic waste.

Question 2

Organs of Excretion

Answer 2

e.g skin (sweat glands), lungs, kidneys, liver

Question 3

Metabolic Waste

Answer 3

Waste produced in chemical reactions in cells.

Question 4

Lungs

Answer 4

Excrete CO2.

Question 5

Skin

Answer 5

Excrete salt, urea, lactic acid.

Question 6

Kidney

Answer 6

Excrete toxic substances such as nitrogenous waste, urea, uric and creatine.

Question 7

Renal

Answer 7

Relate to the kidney.

Question 8

Nephron

Answer 8

The functional unit of the kidney where urine is formed.

Question 9

Collecting Ducts

Answer 9

The last part of the kidney. Water can be reabsorbed through this duct. Its permeability is determined by the amount of ADH (anti diuretic hormone) produced by the body.

Question 10

Pyramids

Answer 10

The part of the kidneys that look like pyramids in the medulla.

Question 11

Cortex

Answer 11

The outer part of the kidney.

Question 12

Medulla

Answer 12

The inner part of the kidney.

Question 13

Renal Pelvis

Answer 13

The chamber in the kidney which funnels urine into the ureter.

Question 14

Glomerular Capsule

Answer 14

The first part of the nephron, which captures the filtrate pushed out of the glomerulus. FILTRATION

Question 15

Glomerulus

Answer 15

The the knot of arterioles which the filtrate is pushed out of.

Question 16

Proximal Convoluted Tubule.

Answer 16

Where SELECTIVE REABSORPTION occurs of substances such as water, ions, salt, glucose and amino acids.

Question 17

Loop of Henle

Answer 17

The tubule which contains a sodium pump for salt to be reabsorbed.

Question 18

Distal Convoluted Tubule

Answer 18

Where TUBULAR SECRETION of drugs and creatinine.

Question 19

Afferent Arteriole

Answer 19

The arteriole which brings blood to the glomerulus. Has a wider diameter.

Question 20

Efferent Arteriole

Answer 20

The arteriole which leaves the glomerulus with purified blood. This has a smaller diameter

Question 21

Peritubular Capillaries

Answer 21

The efferent arterioles continue out of the glomerulus and wrap around the rest of the nephron which is then called peritubular capillaries.

Question 22

Glomerular Filtration

Answer 22

The filtrate being pushed out of the glomerulus into the glomerular capsule by a high blood pressure.

Question 23

Filtrate

Answer 23

The fluid in the nephron.

Question 24

Selective Reabsorption

Answer 24

Where the substances in the filtrate are reabsorbed through the tubules back into the blood stream.

Question 25

Tubular Secretion

Answer 25

Where material enters the tubule to be added to the filtrate.

Question 26

Urine

Answer 26

The fluid produced by the kidney by filtering blood.

Question 27

Urea

Answer 27

The substance produced by deamination, which is eliminated from the body in urine, as it is extremely toxic to the body if built up.

Question 28

Uric Acid

Answer 28

A waste which is eliminated in urine.

Question 29

Creatinine

Answer 29

A toxic waste produced by muscle metabolism which is eliminated in urine.

Question 30

Kidney Failure

Answer 30

The loss ability to filter blood, and remove the necessary wastes from the body.

Question 31

Dialysis

Answer 31

A method of removing waste from the body when the kidneys have failed.

Question 32

Peritoneal Dialysis

Answer 32

When the peritoneum is used as a membrane for waste to cross and be removed. A catheta is inserted into the abdominal cavity. A fluid with a similar concentration to blood is flushed into the cavity. Due to a concentration imbalance the wastes cross the membrane and when the fluid is drawn out of the cavity, the waste comes with it.

Question 33

Haemodialysis

Answer 33

When dialysis is performed using a machine, where the blood is immersed in a fluid bath with a similar concentration to blood without the blood. Therefore there is a concentration imbalance, and the waste come out of the blood into the fluid bath, and the blood without waste is returned to the body.