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MSK 1 > 9/13 - Ther-ex Foundational Concepts > Flashcards

9/13 - Ther-ex Foundational Concepts Flashcards

(64 cards)

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1
Q

what is therapeutic exercise

A

systematic, planned performance of bodily movements, postures, or physical activities intended to provide patient/client means to achieve goals

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2
Q

what are the 4 goals of therapeutic exercise

A
  1. remediate or prevent impairment
  2. improve, restore, or enhance physical function
  3. prevent or reduce health related risk factors
  4. optimize overall health status, fitness, or sense of well-being
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3
Q

what are 8 components that contribute to physical function

A

balance
cardiopulmonary fitness
coordination
flexibility / mobility
muscle performance
neuromuscular control
postural control / stability & equilibrium
stability

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4
Q

balance

A

align body segments against gravity to maintain/move body within base of support

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5
Q

cardiopulmonary fitness

A

perform moderate intensity, repetitive total body movements over an extended period of time

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6
Q

coordination

A

correct timing/sequencing of muscle firing & intensity of muscular contraction leading to effective movement

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7
Q

what are reasons that people have impaired ROM

A

impaired joint integrity
impaired ms length
weakness
pain

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8
Q

flexibility / mobility

A

ability to move without restriction
- ms vs joints

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9
Q

muscle performance

A

capacity of ms to produce tension & do physical work
- strength
- power
- endurance

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10
Q

neuromuscular control

A

interaction of sensory & motor systems that enables muscles to anticipate/respond to proprioceptive/kinesthetic info to create coordinated movement

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11
Q

why would someone with adequate strength and ROM still have difficulty moving

A

poor motor control / NM control

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12
Q

postural control/stability & equilibrium

A

static or dynamic balance

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13
Q

stability

A

ability of NM system to maintain body in a stationary position or control stable base during superimposed movement

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14
Q

what are 9 types of ther-ex interventions

A

aerobic conditioning/reconditioning
muscle performance
stretching techniques
NM control
postural control
balance exercises/agility training
relaxation exercises
breathing exercises
task-specific functional training

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15
Q

what type of exercises are included in a muscle performance intervention

A

strength
power
endurance

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16
Q

what are stretching techniques

A

muscle length
joint mobilization / manipulation

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17
Q

what are examples of exercises utilized in a neuromuscular control intervention

A

inhibition and facilitation techniques
stabilization exercises

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18
Q

what do breathing exercises as an intervention typically incorporate

A

ventilatory muscle training

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19
Q

when working on task-specific functional training what is an important strategy to use

A

break down into smaller components that will be necessary for motion when put all together

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20
Q

what are 7 ways to set the patient up for success

A

1.limit distractions
2. incorporate patient’s learning style
3. begin w “simple” tasks and movements
4. clear & concise instructions w pictures
5. demonstrate proper form
6. manually guide patient thru movement
7. provide feedback during/after pt performance

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21
Q

how should you provide feedback to the patient to be most effect

A

don’t give feedback on all the things doing wrong in a novel task
- too overwhelming

give feedback on biggest thing
- and then bits and pieces from there when pt can process it

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22
Q

what is motor learning

A

complex set of internal processes that involves acquisition and relatively permanent retention of a skilled movement or task thru practice

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23
Q

what are two important components included in motor learning

A

performance
learning

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24
Q

what is motor performance

A

acquisition of ability to carry out a skill

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25
what is motor learning
acquisition of ability to carry out a skill and retention of that skill
26
what is a discrete task
action or movement with distinct beginning and end - ex: stretching hamstrings
27
what is a serial task
series of discrete movements combined into a specific sequence - ex: getting up from floor
28
what is a continuous task
repetitive uninterrupted movement with no distinct beginning or end - ex: gait
29
what are 4 things included in task dimensions
1. environment where task performed 2. inter-trial variability of environment imposed on task 3. body stable or body transport (movement) during task 4. manipulation of objects during task - absent or present
30
what is included in the environment in terms of ther-ex
objects or people around pt surface task is performed on
31
closed vs open environment
closed - objects/people around pt and surface don't move open - objects/people around pt are in motion and/or support surface is unstable
32
absent vs present inter-trial variability in environment
absent - task occurs in CONSTANT environment from one performance to the next - can motor plan easily present - task occurs in VARIABLE environment from one performance to the next
33
what is the body stable or body transport dimension of a task
body stable - pt maintains stable body position during task body transport - pt moving from one place to another during task
34
what is a manipulation of objects task dimension
performing a task requiring or not requiring UE manipulation activities - ex: throwing ball to a patient outside BOS - ex: passing medicine ball around trunk
35
what are the stages of motor learning
cognitive associative autonomous
36
what is the cognitive stage of motor learning
what to do & how to do it safely/effectively errors are common significant feedback
37
what is the associative stage of motor learning
focused on consistency & fine tuning infrequent errors minimal feedback
38
what is the autonomous stage of motor learning
movements are automatic patient easily adapts to more challenging environments
39
what are pre-practice considerations that impact learning and retention (4)
understand the purpose of exercise/task interest in exercise/task attention to exercise/task demonstration will enhance learning
40
what is a pre-practice consideration that can improve patient compliance
task needs to be meaningful to the patient - connect to their goals
41
describe part practice
task is broken down into separate dimensions and practiced sequence combined after mastery of segments effective in early stage of learning
42
describe whole practice
entire task performed from beginning to end effective for acquiring continuous skills
43
blocked order practice
same task performed repeatedly under same conditions in predictable order each rep is the same - ex: step up on 6'' step appropriate during cognitive (initial) stage of learning
44
random order practice
slight variations of same task carried out in unpredictable order each rep is different - ex: step up to variable heights leads to better skill retention and generalizability of skills
45
random/blocked order practice
variations of same task performed in random order each variation is performed more than once - ex: step up to variable height steps, 2 reps at each step helpful w autonomous stage
46
what is physical practice
movements of exercise or functional task that are actually performed
47
what is mental practice
aka visualization, motor imagery practice cognitive rehearsal of how motor task is to be performed that occurs prior to executing task - reinforces cognitive component of learning - enhances skill acquisition at a faster rate than physical practice alone
48
what patient population has mental practice been found particularly helpful with
anxious/apprehensive - preplan motor activities so know what will happen - ex: pts w hx of falls, post-op
49
what is feedback
sensory info received & processed by learner during or after performing/attempting to perform a motor skill
50
what is intrinsic feedback
from sensory systems of learner arises from performing/attempting to perform task involves proprioceptive, kinesthetic, tactile, visual, or auditory cues provides KP and KR
51
what is augmented feedback
extrinsic feedback supplemental to intrinsic feedback PT provided during or after task to provide KP or KR verbal, tactile, auditory, visual
52
why is augmented feedback important
patient might be seeing things more grossly - we can see more specific to what the components of the movements look like
53
knowledge of performance (KP) vs knowledge of results (KR)
KP: nature or quality of performance of a motor task - intrinsic feedback during a task or immediate post-task augmented feedback KR: outcome of a motor task - immediate post-task augmented feedback
54
concurrent vs postresponse timing of feedback
concurrent - during performance in real time postresponse - after completing or attempting to complete a motor skill
55
immediate vs delayed vs summary feedback
immediate - directly after task completed delayed - short interval for pt reflection summary - feedback ab avg performance following several reps
56
variable vs constant feedback
variable - occurs intermittently during practice of motor task constant - occurs regularly during practice of motor task
57
what is a good way to motivate patient adherence
connect to what they've learned
58
what are patient related factors that impact adherence to exercise
understanding of condition understanding of exercise program level of motivation
59
what are 3 things that influence patient adherence to exercise
patient related factors factors related to health condition or impairments program-related variables
60
what are program-related variables that impact adherence to exercise
complexity of program quality of instruction/feedback
61
what does an exercise program need to address
all areas of physical function w deficits
62
the type of exercise selected should be consistent with what
individual needs of patient
63
what does a PT need to do to enhance learning
provide quality instruction and feedback
64
what is the MOST important thing about the patient's experience
must be meaningful to the patient

MSK 1 (31 decks)

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