Lab 1 - posture, STM, UQS

Question 1

what are the goals of STM in subacute/chronic injuries

Answer 1

normalize soft tissue dysfunction
restore proper movement patterns
strength and conditioning

Question 2

what are the 6 techniques of STM

Answer 2

effleurage
petrissage
compression / trigger point (ischemic compression)
friction (cross friction)
tapotement
vibration

Question 3

what are contraindications to STM (9)

Answer 3

fever
vascular conditions/thrombosis (DVT)
»> avoid directly various veins
skin infections / open wounds
infections disease
acute injuries / inflammation
- fx, ms/tendon ruptures / tears / repairs
severe osteoporosis
uncontrolled edema d/t cardiac, kidney, liver issues
active RA or gout
contusion - bleeding in ms (myositis ossificans)

Question 4

precautions for STM (10)

Answer 4

compromised sensation
fx sites
bony prominences
hemophilia / clotting disorders / blood thinners (older adults)
gross edema
cancer
marked varicosity of veins
hairy areas
bursitis / periostitis
unidentified lumps and bumps

Question 5

what is effleurage

Answer 5

succession of firm and light strokes applied to body that follows anatomical outlines of the body

Question 6

what are the two types of effleurage

Answer 6

superficial
deep

Question 7

what is effleurage superficial stroking

Answer 7

uses light touch
direction of movement is centripetal / centrifugal

Question 8

what is effleurage deep stroking

Answer 8

uses firm pressure
direction of movement is centripetal

ex: deep longitudinal stripping

Question 9

what are 4 ways effleurage are applied

Answer 9

stroking w palms of hand (together or one at a time)
stroking w tips of fingers
stroking w ball of thumb
stroking w knuckles

Question 10

what are 7 specific techniques to applying effleurage

Answer 10

open hand
closed hand / paintbrush
heel of hand
fingers
thumb
fist (paint brust)
forearm

Question 11

what are the therapeutic effects of effleurage (4)

Answer 11

inc circulation of blood and lymph
relieves fatigue
improves nutrition to tissues
prepares tight ms for deeper work

Question 12

what is petrissage

Answer 12

skin/ms tissue raised from ordinary position then squeezed, rolled, and compressed w firm pressure - usually in circular motion

Question 13

what is the physiology behind petrissage

Answer 13

GTO stim therefore relaxing it

Question 14

what are 6 different ways to manipulate the skin in petrissage

Answer 14

kneading
pressing
rolling
squeezing
twisting
picking-up

Question 15

what are the 4 ways petrissage is applied

Answer 15

strokes that grasp tissue using palm of hands
strokes that grasp tissues using thumbs
strokes that grasp tissue using fingers
use body weight to inc pressure

Question 16

what are the therapeutic effects of petrissage (8)

Answer 16

milks the milk of waste products
aids in freeing adhesions
assists in contraction of weak muscles
improves nutrition to tissues
stim nerve endings
aid removal of accumulation of fluids
releases ms spasms
relieves intestinal congestion (hastens elimination)

Question 17

what is compression STM

Answer 17

rhythmic pumping action w tips of fingers, palm, heel, or fist of hand

ms is compressed against bone to achieve spreading action of ms fibers

Question 18

depending on the goal what are two types of compression that can be applied

Answer 18

broad
trigger point

Question 19

what are 4 ways compression is applied

Answer 19

used without oil and over clothes
used w PROM/AAROM/AROM/resistance
used as light pressure stroke for warm up work
used as deep pressure stroke to effect deeper tissue

Question 20

what are 4 therapeutic effects of compression

Answer 20

inc circulation of blood and lymph
relieves fatigue
improves nutrition to tissues
mechanically spreads ms fibers

Question 21

what is direct pressure STM

Answer 21

static pressure hold of specific point on ms, tendon, or ligament w thumb or finger pad or elbow

weight shift to inc and dec pressure so not same pressure the whole time

Question 22

what is the latest research recommending w direct pressure STM

Answer 22

doesn’t support prolonged deep pressure secondary to risk of damage to soft tissue

recommends steady constant pressure but alternate b/w deep and superficial pressure

Question 23

what are the 3 therapeutic effects of direct pressure STM

Answer 23

inc circulation to that specific area in the body
stim trigger point
relieves ms hypertonia

Question 24

what is friction (cross) STM

Answer 24

small, transverse, or circular movements which penetrate into the depth of the tissues
- not by moving fingers on the skin
- by moving tissues under the skin

pressure may vary from light to heavy

Question 25

what are the 4 general ways to apply friction (cross) STM

Answer 25

perpendicular / transverse to ligament / tendon - most researched circular movements using fingers circular movement using thumb circular movement using heel of hand

Question 26

what are three specific ways to apply friction (cross) STM

Answer 26

finger - circular, transverse, diagonal, vertical thumb - circular, transverse, diagonal, vertical two thumbs away from each other

Question 27

what are 5 therapeutic effects of friction (cross) STM

Answer 27

aids in limbering up joints, tendons, ms aids in freeing adhesions improves collagen alignment / strength improves nutrition to tissues breaks up deposits and aids in removal of waste

Question 28

what is tapotement

Answer 28

aka percussion performed by rapidly striking body w hands or fingers

Question 29

when are optimal times to implement tapotement (2)

Answer 29

good for prepping for: - physical activity - ms stim also good for chest PT

Question 30

what are 6 ways to apply tapotement

Answer 30

slapping w flattened part of hand cupping w cupped part of hand hacking w tips of fingers tapping w ulna border of hand tapping w tips of fingers beating w clenched hand over buttocks or large ms mass

Question 31

what are 5 therapeutic effects of tapotement

Answer 31

improves tactile sensation inc blood flow to superficial vessels prolonged percussion causes vascular dilation mod and gentle percussion causes contraction of ms fibers aids in relieving ms atrophy by inc contraction of ms fibers

Question 32

what is vibration

Answer 32

fine tremulous movement made by rapidly shaking or trembling your hands or fingers on body causing the parts to vibrate done in gentle and rhythmical way can be done mechanically w electric vibrator

Question 33

what are 4 therapeutic effects of vibration

Answer 33

aids nerve action creates soothing effects stimulates circulation aids peristaltic movement