9: Nutrition

Question 1

_____ a process of obtaining nutrients through food and/or food products to support energy requirements and cellular processes, including growth, repair and maintenance of tissues, reproduction, digestive processes, and respiration

Answer 1

Nutrition

Question 2

What is a CND?

Answer 2

Certified Dietitian Nutritionist: state certified dietitian/nutritionist

Question 3

Define Scope of Practice

Answer 3

actions that a professional is permitted to undertake in keeping with the terms of their license or certification

Question 4

List some types of Nutrition Credentials

Answer 4

• RD/RDN= Registered Dietitian (Nutritionist)
• Certified Nutritionist
• CISSN= Certified in Sports Nutrition by Int’l Soc. of Sports Nutrition
• CNS= Certified Nutrition Specialist by Board for Cert. of Nutrition Specialists
• CND/LND= Certified(Licensed) Dietitian/Nutritionist

Question 5

Describe a Nutrition Claim

Answer 5

Claim that a food has a specific nutritional property or provides a specific benefit

Question 6

_____ food substances required in large amounts to supply energy; include protein, carbohydrate, and fat

Answer 6

Macronutrients

Question 7

_____ vitamins, minerals, and phytonutrients. These are nonenergy yielding nutrients that have important regulatory functions in metabolic pathways

Answer 7

Micronutrients

Question 8

_____ group of organic compounds required in small quantities in the diet to support growth and metabolic processes

Answer 8

Vitamins

Question 9

_____ inorganic, natural substances, some of which are essential in human nutrition. There are two kinds of ___: major (aka ___) and trace

Answer 9

Minerals (aka macrominerals)

Question 10

_____ Amino Acid linked by peptide bonds; the building blocks of body tissues

Answer 10

Protein

Question 11

_____ _____ organic building blocks of proteins containing both a carboxyl and an amino group

Answer 11

Amino Acids

Question 12

Define a Peptide Bond

Answer 12

A chemical bond that connects two amino acids

Question 13

_____ _____ _____ Amino acid that must be obtained through the diet as the body does not make it; there are nine ___ ___ ___

Answer 13

Essential Amino Acid (EAA)

Question 14

Name the Nine EAAs and the 3 Conditionally EAAs

Answer 14

EAAs:
- Leucine^ - Isoleucine^ - Valine^
- Methionine - Phenylalanine - Threonine
- Tryptophan - Lysine - Histidine*
(^Branched Chain AA)

Conditionally EAAs:

• Histidine* - Arginine*
• Glutamine*

Question 15

_____ intermediate forms of nutrients used in metabolic reactions to create adenosine triphosphate

Answer 15

Substrates

Question 16

_____ _____ a process in which the body breaks down existing proteins and recycles the component amino acids for incorporation into new proteins or other nitrogen-containing compounds

Answer 16

Protein turnover

Question 17

Define a Complete Protein

Answer 17

Protein source that provides all essential amino acids

Question 18

Define an Incomplete Protein

Answer 18

Protein that lacks one or more of the amino acids required to build cells

Question 19

List examples of Complete Proteins

Answer 19

Animal Sources:

• Meat - Poultry - Seafood
• Eggs - Dairy

Nonanimal Sources:

• Soy
• Hemp

Question 20

List examples of Incomplete Proteins

Answer 20

Legumes:

• Beans - Nuts - Seeds
• Lentils - Peas

Vegetable Proteins:

• Spinach - Bok Choy - Brussel Sprouts
• Broccoli - Asparagus - Collard Greens
• Avocado

Grains:

• Millet - Amaranth - Quinoa
• Rice - Couscous - Oatmeal
• Buckwheat

Question 21

Describe an Omnivorous diet

Answer 21

Diet that consists of both animals and plants

Question 22

_____ _____ Combination of two incomplete protein sources that together provide all of the essential amino acids

Answer 22

Mutual Supplementation

Question 23

_____ _____ Refers to the amino acid profile and the digestibility of a protein source

Answer 23

Define Protein Quality

Question 24

_____ _____ _____ _____ are foods missing one or more of the essential amino acids

Answer 24

Low biological value (LBV) Proteins

Question 25

_____ _____ _____ _____ are foods containing all of the essential amino acids

Answer 25

High biological value (HBV) Proteins