9. Transport In Animalss Flashcards
(19 cards)
Describe circulatory system
system of
blood vessels with a pump and valves to ensure
one-way flow of blood
Describe single circulation
Blood passes through the heart once on one complete circuit f the body
Describe doubld circulation
Blood passes through the heart twice on one complete circuit of the body
Explain the advantages of double circulation
Double circulation allows the blood to have high pressure.
This stronger pressure allows blood to reach all parts of the body more quickly and efficiently ensuring organs and tissues get oxygen and nutrients. They need faster.
Identify in diagram the structure of the heart
Muscular wall
septum
left and right ventricle
left and right atria
one way valves and
coronary arteries
how is the activity of the heart monitored?
Using ECG, pulse rate and listening to sounds of valves closing
Artery and vein
Blood is pumped away from the height in arteries and it returns to the heart in veins
What is septum?
September prevents the mixing of oxygen, rich blood and oxygen poor blood ensuring efficient oxygen delivery and proper heart function
Difference in muscle wall
The left ventricle have thicker more muscular walls because more pressure is needed to pump blood all around the body
The right ventricle only pumps blood to the lungs
Muscle in the area atria contractor push blood
Difference in muscle wall
The left ventricle have thicker more muscular walls because more pressure is needed to pump blood all around the body
The right ventricle only pumps blood to the lungs
Muscle in the area atria contractor push blood
Describe the functioning of heart
Muscles in the atria contract to push blood atrioventricular valves are open
Ventricle muscles contract to close atrioventricular valves and open semilunar valves
Ventricle muscles relax so the semi lunar valve closes
Describe coronary heart disease and possible risk factors
It’s the blockage of coronary arteries by cholesterol deposits which makes walls stiffer and the lumen narrower increasing blood pressure this could also lead to blood clots forming
risks
smoking -
Diet - reduce animal fats and eat more fruits and vegetables - this will reduce cholesterol levels in the blood
Lack of Exercise -, this will help decrease blood pressure and cholesterol levels
Stress
Genetic predisposition
Age and sex
Discuss the roles of diet and exercise in reducing the risk of coronary heart disease
Diet - reduce animal fats and eat more fruits and vegetables - this will reduce cholesterol levels in the blood
Lack of Exercise -, this will help decrease blood pressure and cholesterol levels
Describe function the structure of arteries veins and capillaries
Capillaries
Take untried,oxygen and other materials to all the cell in the body and take away their waste material
Carries both oxygenated and deoxygenated blood (slow blood flow)
Very thin walls (subs can get in )
Narrow lumen
No valves
Arteries
Carries blood away from the heart
-thick muscular wall to withstand pressure (blood flows at high pressure)
- elastic fibres to make flow of blood smoother
-narrow lumen
- no valves
Veins
Carry blood towards the heart (slow blood flow”
- this muscular walls with little elastic fibres
- large lumen (narrow makes it slower)
Valves to stop back flow of blood
Main blood vessels diagram
Kidney- renal
Liver -hepatic
Components of blood
Rbc
Wbc
Platelets
Plasma
Function of all the components in the blood
red blood cells in transporting oxygen,
(b) white blood cells in phagocytosis and antibody production
(c) platelets in clotting
(d) plasma in the transport of blood cells, ions, nutrients, urea, hormones and carbon dioxide
Function of lymphocytes and phagocytes
Lymphocytes- antibody production
Phagocytes- engulfing pathogens by phagocytosis
Describe process of platelets
For blood clotting to prevent blood loss and entry of pathogens
Soluble fibrinogen converted to insoluble fibrin, which forms the mesh and traps rbc
Platelets clump together and stick on skin to form scabs this prevents blood loss and entry of pathogens
