Chapter 3 Selecting and defining Target Behaviour

Question 1

To figure out what the client’s problem is and how to change it for the better.

A variety of methods including direct observations, interviews, checklists, and tests to identify and define targets for behavior change.

Answer 1

Behavioral assessment

Question 2

(a) screening and general disposition,
(b) defining and generally quantifying problems or desired achievement criteria,
(c) pinpointing the target behavior(s) to be treated,
(d) monitoring progress, and
(e) following up.

Answer 2

Five phases or functions of behavioral assessment:

Question 3

The specific behavior selected for change.

Answer 3

Target behavior

Question 4

Four major methods for obtaining assessment information are:

Answer 4

a) interviews,
b) checklists,
c) tests, and
d) direct observation

Question 5

__________ and _________ are indirect assessment approaches because the data obtained from these measures are derived from recollections, reconstructions, or subjective ratings of events.

Answer 5

Interviews and checklists

Question 6

_________ and ___________ are considered direct assessment approaches because they provide information about a person’s behavior as it occurs

Answer 6

Tests and Direct Observation

Question 7

Assessment ____________ can be conducted with the target person and/or with people who come into daily or regular contact with the individual.

Answer 7

Interviews

Question 8

First and important step in identifying a list of potential target behaviors,

Answer 8

behavioral interview

Question 9

provides descriptions of specific behaviors (usually in hierarchical order) and the conditions under which each behavior should occur.

Answer 9

behavior checklist

Question 10

_________ are most useful as behavioral assessment devices when they provide a direct measure of the person’s performance of the behaviors of interest.

Answer 10

Tests

Question 11

__________ and _________ _________ of the client’s behavior in the natural environment are the preferred method for determining which behaviors to target for change.

Answer 11

Direct and repeated observation

Question 12

Anecdotal observation, or ABC recording is _______ _________.

Answer 12

Direct Observation

Question 13

a great deal of information is gathered about the person and the various environments in which that person lives and works.

Answer 13

ecological assessment

Question 14

the effects of an assessment procedure on the behavior being assessed.

Answer 14

Reactivity

Question 15

Reactivity is most likely when observation is _________—that is, the person being observed is aware of the observer’s presence and purpose

Answer 15

obtrusive

Question 16

In selecting _______ _______, practitioners should consider whose behavior is being assessed—and changed—and why.

Answer 16

target behaviors

Question 17

the degree to which the person’s repertoire maximizes short and long term reinforcers for that individual and for others, and minimizes short and long term punishers

Answer 17

Habilitation

Question 18

a target behavior should be selected only when it can be determined that the behavior is likely to produce reinforcement in the person’s natural environment.

Answer 18

Relevance of behavior rule

Question 19

a behavior that has consequences beyond the change itself, some of which may be considered important.

Behaviors that open person world to new contingencies, stimuli, and consequences:
Crawling, reading

Answer 19

behavioral cusp

Question 20

a behavior that, once learned, produces corresponding modifications or covariations in other adaptive untrained behaviors.

Answer 20

pivotal behavior

Question 21

the use of progressively more typical environments, expectations, and procedures “to establish and/or maintain personal behaviors which are as culturally normal as possible

Answer 21

normalization

Question 22

They stated that behavior might be a cusp if it meets one or more of five criteria

Answer 22

(a) access to new reinforcers, contingencies, and environments;
(b) social validity;
(c) generativeness;
(d) competition with inappropriate responses; and
(e) number and the relative importance of people affected

Question 23

Two Types of Target Behavior Definitions

Answer 23

Function-Based Definitions

Topography-Based Definitions

Question 24

designates responses as members of the targeted response class solely by their common effect on the environment.

Answer 24

Function-Based Definitions

Question 25

Identifies instances of the target behavior by the shape or form of the behavior.

Answer 25

Topography-Based Definitions