pancreas

Question 1

what is the pancreas divided into

Answer 1

• head
• body
• tail
• neck

Question 2

what type of cells does pancreas have

Answer 2

• exocrine

- endocrine

Question 3

what is the functional unit of the exocrine pancreas

Answer 3

acinus and its draining ductule

Question 4

where does ductule from acinus drain

Answer 4

into the interlobular. ducts which drain into the main pancreatic ductal system

Question 5

what is endocrine pancreas contain

Answer 5

islet of Langerhans

Question 6

what does exocrine function aid

Answer 6

digestion

Question 7

what do acinar cells do

Answer 7

produce and secrete digestive enzymes

Question 8

what do ductal cells do

Answer 8

produce and secrete pancreatic secretion

Question 9

examples of digestive enzymes

Answer 9

• amylase
• lipase
• colipase
• proteases

Question 10

what are proteases

Answer 10

trypsinogen and chymotrypsinogen

Question 11

what does bicarbonate do

Answer 11

neutralises gastric acid emptied into duodenum

Question 12

what is the cephalic phase stimulated by

Answer 12

behavioural cues related to sight, smell and taste of food

Question 13

what is output to the exocrine pancreas by

Answer 13

vagus nerve

Question 14

what is the gastric phase of pancreatic secretion from

Answer 14

effects of the meal in the stomach

Question 15

when does the intestinal phase of pancreatic secretions start

Answer 15

when protein, fat and gastric acid from the stomach enters the duodenum

Question 16

what produces CCK

Answer 16

I cells

Question 17

what does secretin act on

Answer 17

pancreatic acinar cells and ductal cells

Question 18

what is pancreatic polypeptide released from

Answer 18

islet cells of the pancreas

Question 19

when is somatostatin released

Answer 19

in response to food

Question 20

what does peptide YY do

Answer 20

inhibits pancreatic secretion by acting on the acinar cells

Question 21

what do alpha cells secrete

Answer 21

glucagon

Question 22

what do beta cells produce

Answer 22

insulin

Question 23

what do D cells produce

Answer 23

somatostatin

Question 24

what do PP cells produce

Answer 24

pancreatic polypeptide

Question 25

what do enterochromaffin cells produce

Answer 25

serotonin

Question 26

what are the cells of the endocrine pancreas

Answer 26

ilsets of Langerhans

Question 27

what is the most common cell in endocrine pancreas

Answer 27

beta cell

Question 28

when is the exocrine pancreas investigated

Answer 28

in patients with chronic pancreatic disease

Question 29

when does fat malabsorption occur

Answer 29

when there has been 85-90% reduction in pancreatic lipase

Question 30

where is faecal elastase produced

Answer 30

in the pancreas

Question 31

is faecal elastase degraded in intestine

Answer 31

no

Question 32

what does a plain abdominal radiograph show

Answer 32

calcification associated with chronic pancreatitis

Question 33

what is ultrasound useful for

Answer 33

• neoplasia
• inflammation
• gallstone

Question 34

what is the gold standard investigation for pancreatic disease

Answer 34

CT

Question 35

what does MRCP give clear definition of

Answer 35

pancreatic duct

Question 36

how else can gallstones be identified

Answer 36

MRCP

Question 37

what is useful for identifying common bile duct stones

Answer 37

endoscopic ultrasound

Question 38

is ERCP invasive

Answer 38

yes

Question 39

what are the first investigations done for pancreatic disease

Answer 39

ultrasound and CT

Question 40

what other investigations provide extra information for pancreatic disease

Answer 40

MRI/MRCP

Question 41

what is used for tumours

Answer 41

endoscopic ultrasound