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Anatomy and Physiology > Muscular system > Flashcards

Muscular system Flashcards

1
Q

Every muscle has:

A

An origin
An insertion
An action

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2
Q

Origin site

A

Will be on a bone that has more mass and moves less

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3
Q

Insertion site

A

will be on a bone that has more mobility

when a muscle contracts it will pull the insertion site closer to the origin site

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4
Q

Tendons

A

Thick bands of connective tissue

muscles attach to bone via tendons

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5
Q

Fascia

A

Thin white sheets of tissue that cover muscles

Form tendons

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6
Q

Aponeuroses

A

Wider sheets of fascia

Examples: Linea alba and lumbar aponeuroses

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7
Q

Muscle

A

encased by the epimysium

composed of bundles of fascicles

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8
Q

Fascicle

A

Bundles makes up muscles

Surrounded by a perimysium

composed of bundles of muscle fibers (muscle cells)

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9
Q

Muscle fiber

A

aka muscle cell

Bundles that make up fascicles

surrounded by an endomysium

composed of bundles of myofibrils

individuals are surrounded by sarcolemma

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10
Q

Sacrolemma

A

Muscle cell membrane

lines each individual muscle fiber (muscle cell)

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11
Q

Epimysium

A

Lines muscles

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12
Q

Endomysium

A

surrounds muscle fibers

aka packing material

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13
Q

Myofibrils

A

bundles that make up muscle fibers

made up of rows of sarcomeres

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14
Q

Sarcomeres

A

continuous rows that make up myofibrils

where the chemical reactions during muscle contraction occur

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15
Q

Sarcoplasmic Reticulum

A

stores and releases calcium ions

Calcium is needed to stimulate a muscle contration

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16
Q

Sarcoplasm

A

Cytoplasm of muscle cells

17
Q

Transverse tubules

A

serves as the medium for electrical nerve impulses

18
Q

Actin and Myosin filaments

A

Make up the structure of myofibrils

never touch each other directly

muscle contraction is controlled by myosin fibers manually pulling actin fibers together

19
Q

Muscle Actions: Actin and Myosin filaments

A

Calcium causes multiple globular myosin heads to emerge from the myosin filaments

The myosin head attaches to the actin filament

The myosin head “pulls” the actin filaments together

The myosin head detaches from the actin filament until it is triggered again

20
Q

Muscle Actions: Contractions

A

When actin filaments move towards the center of the myosin filament, the length of each sarcomere decreases

This decrease in length causes the muscles to contraction

21
Q

Agonist

A

A muscle action that directly produces a movement

22
Q

Antagonist

A

A muscle action that opposes the action of an agonist

23
Q

Synergist

A

A muscle action that assists the action of an agonist

Anatomy and Physiology (36 decks)

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