9.3 RNA Flashcards
(166 cards)
1
Q
The size of picornaviruses
A
Small (28–30 nm)
2
Q
The resistance of picornaviruses to ether
A
Ether-resistant
3
Q
The symmetry of picornaviruses
A
Cubic symmetry
4
Q
The genome structure of picornaviruses
A
Single-stranded, positive-sense RNA
5
Q
The genome size of picornaviruses
A
7.2–8.4 kb
6
Q
The human pathogen genera in Picornaviridae
A
Enterovirus and Hepatovirus
7
Q
The acid stability of rhinoviruses
A
Acid-labile
8
Q
The acid stability of other enteroviruses
A
Acid-stable
9
Q
The animal diseases caused by picornaviruses
A
Foot-and-mouth disease, encephalomyocarditis
10
Q
The size of astroviruses
A
28–30 nm
11
Q
The distinctive surface feature of astroviruses
A
Star-shaped outline
12
Q
The genome structure of astroviruses
A
Linear, single-stranded, positive-sense RNA
13
Q
The genome size of astroviruses
A
6.4–7.4 kb
14
Q
The disease caused by astroviruses
A
Gastroenteritis in humans and animals
15
Q
The size of caliciviruses
A
27–40 nm
16
Q
The distinctive surface feature of caliciviruses
A
Cup-shaped depressions
17
Q
The genome structure of caliciviruses
A
Single-stranded, positive-sense RNA
18
Q
The genome size of caliciviruses
A
7.4–8.3 kb
19
Q
The presence or absence of an envelope in caliciviruses
A
None (naked virus)
20
Q
The major human pathogen in Caliciviridae
A
Norovirus
21
Q
The disease caused by noroviruses
A
Epidemic acute gastroenteritis
22
Q
The animal hosts of other caliciviruses
A
Cats, sea lions, primates
23
Q
The size of hepeviruses
A
Small (27–34 nm)
24
Q
The resistance of hepeviruses to ether
A
Ether-resistant
25
The genome structure of hepeviruses
Single-stranded, positive-sense RNA
26
The genome size of hepeviruses
7.2 kb
27
The structural difference in hepevirus genome compared to picornaviruses
Lacks genome-linked protein (VPg)
28
The major human pathogen in Hepeviridae
Hepatitis E virus
29
The size of picobirnaviruses
35–40 nm
30
The symmetry of picobirnaviruses
Icosahedral
31
The presence or absence of an envelope in picobirnaviruses
None (naked virus)
32
The genome structure of picobirnaviruses
Linear, double-stranded, segmented RNA
33
The number of genome segments in picobirnaviruses
2 (bipartite genome)
34
The total genome size of picobirnaviruses
4.0–4.5 kb
35
The type of RNA genome in reoviruses
Double-stranded RNA
36
The size of reoviruses
Medium-sized (60–80 nm)
37
The resistance of reoviruses to ether
Ether-resistant
38
The presence or absence of an envelope in reoviruses
None (naked virus)
39
The genome structure of reoviruses
Linear, double-stranded, segmented RNA
40
The number of genome segments in reoviruses
10–12 segments
41
The total genome size of reoviruses
16–27 kbp
42
The site of reovirus replication
Cytoplasm
43
The reovirus that has a wheel-shaped appearance and causes infantile gastroenteritis
Rotavirus
44
The reovirus responsible for Colorado Tick Fever
Coltivirus
45
The classification of arboviruses and rodent-borne viruses
Ecologic groupings (not a virus family)
46
The type of vector involved in arbovirus transmission
Arthropods
47
Examples of human arbovirus diseases
Dengue, Yellow Fever, West Nile Fever, Encephalitis viruses
48
The mode of transmission of rodent-borne viruses
Transmitted in rodents without an arthropod vector
49
Examples of rodent-borne human diseases
Hantavirus infections, Lassa fever
50
The virus families that include arboviruses and rodent-borne viruses
Arenavirus, Bunyavirus, Flavivirus, Reovirus, Rhabdovirus, Togavirus
51
The presence of an envelope in togaviruses
Lipid-containing envelope
52
The sensitivity of togaviruses to ether
Ether-sensitive
53
The genome structure of togaviruses
Single-stranded, positive-sense RNA
54
The genome size of togaviruses
9.7–11.8 kb
55
The size of enveloped togavirion
70 nm
56
The site of togavirus particle maturation
Budding from host cell membranes
57
The examples of togaviruses
Eastern equine encephalitis virus, Rubella virus, Alphaviruses
58
The togavirus that is NOT arthropod-borne
Rubella virus
59
The presence of an envelope in flaviviruses
Yes, enveloped
60
The size range of flaviviruses
40–60 nm
61
The genome structure of flaviviruses
Single-stranded, positive-sense RNA
62
The genome size of flaviviruses
9.5–12.5 kb
63
The flavivirus where mature virions accumulate
Cisternae of ER
64
The mode of transmission of most flaviviruses
By blood-sucking arthropods
65
Examples of flaviviruses
Yellow fever virus, Dengue viruses, Hepatitis C virus (HCV)
66
The shape and envelope status of arenaviruses
Pleomorphic, enveloped
67
The size range of arenaviruses
50–300 nm (typically 110–130 nm)
68
The genome structure of arenaviruses
Segmented, circular, single-stranded RNA
69
The genome sense of arenaviruses
Negative sense and ambisense
70
The total genome size of arenaviruses
10–14 kb
71
The site of arenavirus replication
Cytoplasm
72
The mode of arenavirus assembly
Budding on the plasma membrane
73
The characteristic appearance of arenavirus particles
Sandy appearance
74
The geographic region where most arenaviruses are found
Tropical America
75
The primary animal reservoir of arenaviruses
Rodents
76
The arenavirus that causes hemorrhagic fever
Lassa fever virus
77
The presence of an envelope in coronaviruses
Yes, enveloped
78
The size range of coronaviruses
120–160 nm
79
The genome structure of coronaviruses
Unsegmented, single-stranded, positive-sense RNA
80
The genome size of coronaviruses
27–32 kb
81
The nucleocapsid symmetry of coronaviruses
Helical
82
The nucleocapsid size of coronaviruses
9–11 nm in diameter
83
The unique structural feature of coronaviruses
Petal-shaped surface projections (solar corona-like)
84
The site of coronavirus nucleocapsid formation
Cytoplasm
85
The site of coronavirus particle maturation
Budding into cytoplasmic vesicles
86
The primary disease caused by most human coronaviruses
Mild acute upper respiratory tract illnesses (common cold)
87
The coronavirus genus that causes gastroenteritis
Toroviruses
88
Examples of animal coronaviruses
Mouse hepatitis virus, Avian infectious bronchitis virus
89
The shape and envelope status of retroviruses
Spherical, enveloped
90
The size range of retroviruses
80–110 nm
91
The genome structure of retroviruses
Two copies of linear, single-stranded, positive-sense RNA
92
The nucleocapsid structure of retroviruses
Helical nucleocapsid within an icosahedral capsid
93
The key enzyme found in retroviruses
Reverse transcriptase
94
The process catalyzed by reverse transcriptase
RNA to DNA conversion
95
The site of retrovirus assembly
Budding on plasma membranes
96
Examples of retroviruses
Leukemia viruses, Sarcoma viruses, Foamy viruses, Lentiviruses (HIV, Visna)
97
The disease caused by HIV
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
98
The size range of orthomyxoviruses
80–120 nm
99
The symmetry of orthomyxoviruses
Helical symmetry
100
The possible shapes of orthomyxovirus particles
Round or filamentous
101
The key surface proteins of orthomyxoviruses
Hemagglutinin and neuraminidase
102
The genome structure of orthomyxoviruses
Linear, segmented, single-stranded, negative-sense RNA
103
The genome size of orthomyxoviruses
10–13.6 kb
104
The site of orthomyxovirus nucleocapsid assembly
Nucleus
105
The site of hemagglutinin and neuraminidase accumulation
Cytoplasm
106
The mode of orthomyxovirus maturation
Budding
107
The only viruses included in Orthomyxoviridae
Influenza viruses
108
The most severe type of influenza virus
Influenza A
109
The size range of paramyxoviruses
150–300 nm (larger than orthomyxoviruses)
110
The shape of paramyxovirus particles
Pleomorphic
111
The genome structure of paramyxoviruses
Linear, single-stranded, nonsegmented, negative-sense RNA
112
The genome size of paramyxoviruses
16–20 kb
113
The site of nucleocapsid and hemagglutinin formation in paramyxoviruses
Cytoplasm
114
The genetic stability of paramyxoviruses
Genetically stable
115
Examples of human paramyxoviruses
Mumps, Measles, Parainfluenza, Metapneumovirus, Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
116
The paramyxovirus that causes laryngotracheobronchitis
Parainfluenza virus
117
The disease caused by parainfluenza virus
Croup disease
118
The shape and size of bunyaviruses
Pleomorphic, 80–120 nm, enveloped
119
The genome structure of bunyaviruses
Triple-segmented, circular, single-stranded RNA
120
The genome sense of bunyaviruses
Negative-sense or ambisense
121
The total genome size of bunyaviruses
11–19 kb
122
The structure of bunyavirus nucleocapsid
Three circular, helically symmetric nucleocapsids
123
The size of bunyavirus nucleocapsids
2.5 nm in diameter, 200–3000 nm in length
124
The site of bunyavirus replication
Cytoplasm
125
The site of bunyavirus envelope formation
Golgi apparatus
126
The main mode of transmission of bunyaviruses
Arthropods (except hantaviruses)
127
The exception to arthropod transmission in bunyaviruses
Hantaviruses (aerosol or rodent excreta)
128
Diseases caused by bunyaviruses
Hemorrhagic fevers, nephropathy, pulmonary syndrome
129
The shape and size of bornaviruses
Spherical, 80–125 nm, enveloped
130
The genome structure of bornaviruses
Linear, single-stranded, nonsegmented RNA
131
The genome sense of bornaviruses
Negative-sense
132
The genome size of bornaviruses
8.5–10.5 kb
133
The site of bornavirus replication and transcription
Nucleus
134
The primary target of borna disease virus
Neurotropic (affects the nervous system in animals)
135
Potential human association of borna disease virus
Neuropsychiatric disorders
136
The unique shape of rhabdoviruses
Bullet-shaped virions
137
The size of rhabdovirus particles
75 × 180 nm
138
The envelope structure of rhabdoviruses
Has 10-nm spikes
139
The genome structure of rhabdoviruses
Linear, single-stranded, nonsegmented RNA
140
The genome sense of rhabdoviruses
Negative-sense
141
The genome size of rhabdoviruses
13–16 kb
142
The site of rhabdovirus particle formation
Budding from the cell membrane
143
The major example of a rhabdovirus
Rabies virus
144
The shape and appearance of filoviruses
Pleomorphic, long, threadlike viruses
145
The typical width of filoviruses
80 nm
146
The typical length of filoviruses
About 1000 nm
147
The envelope structure of filoviruses
Contains large peplomers
148
The genome structure of filoviruses
Linear, single-stranded RNA
149
The genome sense of filoviruses
Negative-sense
150
The genome size of filoviruses
19 kb
151
Examples of filoviruses
Marburg virus, Ebola virus
152
The Ebola serotype found in the Philippines
Ebola Reston
153
The biosafety level required for filoviruses
Maximum containment conditions
154
The disease caused by filoviruses
Hemorrhagic fever
155
The type of organisms affected by viroids
Plants
156
The key difference between viroids and viruses
Viroids lack a protein coat
157
The genome structure of plant viroids
Single-stranded, covalently closed circular RNA
158
The ability of viroids to encode proteins
Do not encode any proteins
159
The existence of viroids in animals or humans
None demonstrated
160
The composition of prions
Infectious particles made of protein only (no nucleic acid)
161
The resistance properties of prions
Highly resistant to heat, formaldehyde, and UV light
162
The genetic encoding of the prion protein
Encoded by a single cellular gene
163
The group of diseases caused by prions
Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs)
164
The prion disease found in sheep
Scrapie
165
The prion disease found in cattle
Mad cow disease (Bovine spongiform encephalopathy, BSE)
166
The prion diseases found in humans
Kuru and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD)
