Cardiology 1: Overview

Question 1

what are the 3 main functions of the cardiovascular system?

Answer 1

1. transport / distribute essential substances to tissue
2. remove metabolic bi-products from tissue
3. contribute to homeostatic mechanisms

Question 2

In what 3 ways does the cardiovascular system contribute to homeostasis?

Answer 2

1. adjustment of O2 and nutrient supply
2. maintenance of fluid balance
3. regulation of body temperature

Question 3

the CV system is a ___ system

Answer 3

closed

Question 4

the lymphatics are similar to veins, except that __

Answer 4

they are dead ends

Question 5

the lymphatics begin in the ____ and bring ___ to the main part of the CV system

Answer 5

organs / tissues; waste products

Question 6

the top of the heart is called the

Answer 6

base

Question 7

the bottom of the heart is called the

Answer 7

apex

Question 8

even though the heart is filled with blood, it has its very own ___

Answer 8

blood supply and vasculature

Question 9

the heart has 2 pumps, what divides these two pumps?

Answer 9

septum

Question 10

the 2 pumps of the heart each have a ___ and ___

Answer 10

atrium and ventricle

Question 11

the heart contains ___ (#) valves. What is their function?

Answer 11

4; allow for 1 way flow only

Question 12

the right ventricle pumps blood to the __

Answer 12

lungs

Question 13

why is the membrane of the right ventricle so much thinner than that of the left ventricle?

Answer 13

the right ventricle only has to pump to the blood and requires less pressure than the left ventricle that has to pump blood to all other regions of the body

Question 14

what valve separates the right atrium and ventricle

Answer 14

tricuspid (atrioventricular) valve

Question 15

what valve separates the left atrium and ventricle?

Answer 15

bicuspid or mitral valve

Question 16

blood enters the right atrium via the __

Answer 16

pulmonary vein

Question 17

blood exits the left ventricle via the ___

Answer 17

aorta

Question 18

in the circulatory system, the 2 vascular beds are arranged in ___ and the tissues with systemic circulation are arranged in ___

Answer 18

series; parallel

Question 19

what is the function of pulmonary circulation?

Answer 19

removes CO2 and absorbs O2

Question 20

what is the function of the systemic circulation?

Answer 20

delivers o2 and removes co2

Question 21

the ___ receive blood return from veins and contract to fill ventricles

Answer 21

atria

Question 22

the ___ contract to generate pressure that ejects blood into the pulmonary and systemic circulations

Answer 22

ventricles

Question 23

the ___ are low-resistance vessels that transport blood to various organs with little loss of pressure

Answer 23

arteries

Question 24

the ___ are vessels that regulate 1) the distribution of flow to the various organs and 2) blood pressure by altering resistance to flow

Answer 24

arterioles

Question 25

the ___ are vessels for exchange of nutrients, metabolic end products, and fluid between blood and tissues

Answer 25

capillaries

Question 26

the ____ are low-resistance vessels for blood flow back to the heart

Answer 26

venules/veins

Question 27

what are the 2 circuits of the CV system?

Answer 27

pulmonary and systemic

Question 28

arteries carry blood ____ (towards or away from)

Answer 28

away from

Question 29

veins carry blood ____ (towards or away from)

Answer 29

towards

Question 30

large artery that leaves the heart to the lungs is the ___

Answer 30

pulmonary artery

Question 31

blood enters the systemic circulation by the ___

Answer 31

vena cava

Question 32

microcirculation consists of all the vessels between the __ and __

Answer 32

arteries AND VEINS

Question 33

what vessels are included in microcirculation?

Answer 33

aterioles, capillaries, and venules