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Physiology for Pharmacy > Renal 2: Tubular Absorption & Secretion > Flashcards

Renal 2: Tubular Absorption & Secretion Flashcards

1
Q

filtration from the blood into the nephron occurs in what part of the nephron?

A

bowman’s capsule

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2
Q

give the formula for renal excretion

A

E = (filtered - reabsorbed) + secreted

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3
Q

describe the anatomy of the nephron in the order urine passes through them

A

proximal tubule; loop of henle; distal tubule; collecting duct

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4
Q

most of what is filtered is ____ by the nephron

A

reabsorbed

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5
Q

glucose in the urine is a sign of ___

A

diabetes

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6
Q

water is ___%reabsorbed by the nephron

A

99

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7
Q

sodium is __% reabsorbed by the nephron

A

99

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8
Q

glucose is ___ % reabsorbed by the nephron

A

100

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9
Q

substances are reabsorbed and secreted across renal tubular ___ cells

A

epithelial

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10
Q

substances can be reabsorbed and secreted across renal tubular epithelial cells by what 2 methods?

A
  1. paracellular

2. transcellular

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11
Q

transcellular reabsorption / secretion is _____

A

active

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12
Q

paracellular reabsorption/ secretion is ___

A

passive

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13
Q

what are the 3 membranes of the nephron epithelial cells?

A

apical, lateral, basal

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14
Q

passage of solutes by paracellular route is ___

A

passive

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15
Q

passage of solutes by the transcellular route is ___

A

active

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16
Q

passage of water by the paracellular and transcellular routes is ___ and driven by __

A

passive; osmosis

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17
Q

for active transepithelial absorption / secretion, there are ___ located on either side of the cell

A

specific transporters

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18
Q

t/f transcellular Na reabsorption requires energy

A

true

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19
Q

the entrance of Na into the epithelial cells is ___ and the exit is __

A

passive; active

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20
Q

Na enters the __ end and exits through the __ end

A

apical; basolateral

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21
Q

what transporter is used to actively move Na across the basolateral membrnae?

A

Na/K pump

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22
Q

t/f sodium can be reabsorbed by both active and passive routes

A

true

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23
Q

overall, sodium reabsorption is a ___ process (active / passive?

A

active

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24
Q

t/f other substances can be reabsorbed in a Na-dependent fashion. If so give an example

A

true; glucose

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25
Q

entrance of glucose to the apical membrane is ___ and its exit across the basolateral membrane is __

A

active; passive

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26
Q

what transporter is used to bring glucose into the cell in a sodium-dependent manner?

A

sodium glucose transpoter

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27
Q

what transporter is used to remove glucose from the cell in a sodium-dependent manner?

A

glucose facilitated diffusion transporter

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28
Q

__% of filtered glucose is reabsorbed by the proximal tubule?

A

100

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29
Q

water moves in response to ___ pressure difference

A

osmotic

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30
Q

water moves from __osmotic pressure to ___ osmotic pressure

A

low; high (yes thats correct, think about it)

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31
Q

water reabsorption to the higher osmolarity is ___ and driven by __

A

passive; osomosis

32
Q

most (2/3) of the Na is reabsorbed in the ___

A

proximal tubule

33
Q

substances absorbed by the proximal tubule can do so by what 2 methods?

A
  1. dependent on Na

2. passive diffusion

34
Q

t/f Na is reabsorbed in varying amounts in each of the parts of the nephron using different techniques

A

true

35
Q

t/f water is reabsorbed by most parts of the nephron, but some parts can be impermeable

A

true

36
Q

t/f water reabsorption is secondary to solute reabsorption

A

true

37
Q

at the start of the proximal tubule, the solute concentrations are the same as the ___ and filtration is ___

A

plasma; non-specific

38
Q

within the proximal tubule, the Na concentration and osmolarity are ____ even though 2/3 of Na and water have been reabsorbed

A

unchanged

39
Q

within the proximal tubule Cl is ___ and its [ ] ____

A

left behind ; increases

40
Q

in the descending limb of the loop of henle, solutes are reabsorbed ____ water (w/ or w/o?)

A

with

41
Q

in the ascending loop of henle, solutes are reabsorbed ____ water ( w/ or w/o)?

A

without

42
Q

in the ascending section of the loop of henle, the ___ membrane is water-impermeable

A

apical

43
Q

where are NKCC channels located in the ascending loop of henle?

A

apical membrane

44
Q

where are Na K atpase found in the ascending loop of henle?

A

basolateral membrane

45
Q

reabsorption of salt (NaCl) without water reduces the ___, while maintaining the __

A

urine osmolarity; urine volume

46
Q

in the ascending loop of henle, transport of Cl is ___in and ___ out and Na is ___ in and __ out

A

active; passive; passive; active

47
Q

reabsorption of salt without water does what to urine osmolarity?

A

reduces

48
Q

what is the osmolarity of urine when it eneters the distal tubule?

A

hypoosmotic

49
Q

reabsorption of Ca in the early distal tubule is dependent on ___

A

parathyroid hormone

50
Q

____ regulated water reabsorption in the late distal tubule means excreted urine can by hypoosmotic or hyperosmotic

A

ADH

51
Q

the secretion of K in the late distal tubule is ___ to maintain body fluid balance

A

variable

52
Q

a small amount of Na is reabsorbed in the late distal tubule and collecting duct by Na/K pumps, and ion channels stimulated by ___

A

aldosterone

53
Q

reabsorption of HCO3 in the late distal tubule / collecting duct depends on ___

A

H secretion (antiporters

54
Q

t/f extracellular K concentrations must be very tightly controlled as they can be fatal

A

true

55
Q

what are the hormones that regulate the reabsorption of water, Na, Ca, and K?

A
  1. ADH / vasopressin
  2. aldosterone
  3. atrial natriuretic peptide
  4. parathyroid hormone
56
Q

what is the major trigger for ADH

A

increased osmolarity of extracellular fluid, or decreased blood volume

57
Q

what is the effect of ADH?

A

increase water reabsorption

58
Q

what is the major trigger for aldosterone?

A

increased angiotensin and K

59
Q

what is the effect of aldosterone?

A

increase K secretion and Na reabsorption and increased water reabsoprtion in presence of ADH

60
Q

what is the trigger for ANP?

A

atrial stretching

61
Q

what is the effect of ANP?

A

increase Na urine excretion and increase urine output volume

62
Q

what is the trigger for parathyroid hormone?

A

decreased plasma Ca

63
Q

what is the effect of parathyroid hormone?

A

increase Ca reabsorption

64
Q

how is Na reabsorbed in the proximal tube?

A

Na dependent co-transporters

65
Q

how is Na reabsorbed in the loop of henle?

A

NKCC

66
Q

how is Na reabsorbed in the distal tubule?

A

NCC

67
Q

how is Na reabsorbed in the collecting duct?

A

ENAC

68
Q

how is Na reabsorbed in the basolateral membrane?

A

sodium potassium pump

69
Q

excretion of Na in the urine is very __

A

low

70
Q

excretion of K in the urine is very __

A

variable

71
Q

t/f water reabsorption is always passive

A

true

72
Q

most water is reabsorbed in the ___

A

proximal tubule

73
Q

___ water reabsorption occurs in the late distal tubule and collecting duct

A

variable

74
Q

water reabsorption in the late distal tubule and the collecting duct is determined by what hormone?

A

ADH

75
Q

___ controls the water permeability of the late distal tuble and collecting duct

A

ADH

76
Q

when ADH is high, there is ____ water reabsorption (More or less)

A

more

Physiology for Pharmacy (39 decks)

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