Smokes And Fumes

Question 1

portal of entry of smoke and fume to Aircrew

Answer 1

Inhalation
- Released into cabin
- ECS
- Oxygen systems
Eye exposure
- Splash
- eye rubbing
Skin contact
- Maintenance personnel (manual handling)

Question 2

Potential Contaminants

Answer 2

A role in
Ammonia
Carson dioxide
Carbon monoxide
Hydrogen chloride
Hydrogen fluoride
Hydrogen cyanide
Hydrogen Bromide
Oxides of nitrogen
Sulphur dioxide
Total hydrocarbons
Particulates

Question 3

Explain the features of acute exposure

Answer 3

Commonest 
Usually short term
Mostly by inhalation
Vision impairment
Cognitive impairment may occur and is potentially hazardous
Potential of incapacitation

Question 4

Features of chronic exposure

Answer 4

Low level repeat exposure month is to year
May cause slow subtle symptoms
May be progressive
Sensitisation
Irreversible damage may occur

Question 5

Common symptoms of smoke and fumes

Answer 5

Irritation of respiratory tact
- sore throat, dry irritant cough
- Shortness of breath
- Burning-like discomfort
- Sneezing, runny nose
Irritation of the eyes
- Dryness, watering, redness
- Pain/discomfort with light
- grittiness
- blurred vision
Systemic absorption
- Confusion/drowsiness
- Headache/dizziness
- Nausea and vomiting
- abdominal pain

Question 6

Symptoms and issues with ToCP (tri-cresyl phosphate.

Answer 6

Mucosal and skin irritation
Respiratory: Irritation, cough, dyspnoa
GIT: Nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps
Neurotoxic: light headedness, confusion, ataxia (latency 1-4 weeks) cognitive effects

In Cockpit air
- APU on/engine off - 1.0-2.9microgram/m3
- APU off, Engine on - 001 microgram/m3
- Exposure start 100microgram/m3 over 8hr
300 microgram/m3 over 15min?

Found in aerosheel 560 turbine oil
Know as aerotoxic syndrome -

Question 7

Protection from smoke and fumes

Answer 7

Pilots: Helmet and mask - respiratory protection and eye protection
- flame retardant
Mobile Aircrew - mobile mask
Passenger: EPOS

Question 8

Medical role in smoke and fumes

Answer 8

Prior
- Fit to fly medical
- Health surveillance 
—- Comprehensive Hx
—- Eamination
—- Broad physiological functioning
—- PFT, interim medical

Know your aircraft and familiarise with possible hazards
Have a plan
Manage the symptoms
Careful history and examination
Documentation

Question 9

What is the appropriate mx of smoke and fumes

Answer 9

Forms

• PM220, PM220-1
• Aircrew AE777

Question 10

What are the sources of carbon monoxide in an aircraft?

Answer 10

Poor ventilation
Combustion of Carbon risk source
Bleed air - comes from compression part of engine. Lower risk. 
Engine running prior to take off
Fire in outside environment

Question 11

What documentation should a be completed by Aircrew post exposure

Answer 11

AE 777

Occupational exposure form

Question 12

Documentation that AVMO fills out post exposure.

Answer 12

PM220

PM220-1 - for high performance aircraft.

Question 13

Which of the following is an anti cholinesterase compound throught to have possible neurotoxic effects
a. Carbon monoxide
B. Hydrogen cyanide
C. Sulphate dioxide
D. Tri- orthocresyl phosphate

Answer 13

D, tri - orthocresyl phosphate