Lecture 7

Question 1

history of morphine

Answer 1

1804- Friedrich Serturner islated morphine from a poppy
1817- distrubted commerically
1827- commercialized by Georg Merch
1874- Heriin made in UK pharmacy
1897- Felix Hofmann prepared heroin at nayer

Question 2

how to harvest opium

Answer 2

• wait 2 weeks after petals fall
• resin or sap is allowed to sleep overnight
• wait for sap to turn brown and stikcy
• scraped using a blunt knife

Question 3

where does opium grow today

Answer 3

• 50% in tasmania
• golden triangle in SE asia
• golden crescent in afhantisan iran and pakistain

Question 4

The opium wars

Answer 4

• 17th centruy: british took control of indian opium producing areas
  1750 opium became main commodity of british trade with China
  1839-1842: First opium war
  156-1860: second opium war

Question 5

The opium craze

Answer 5

• 17th and 18th century britain
• high preveance of tuberculosis opium helped control pain
• also used for toothache
• europhirc effects

Question 6

How does morphine work?

Answer 6

• is the prototype of opiate (pain relieving drug)
• inhibits transmission of pain signals from periphery (decreases brains perception of pain)
• also causes euphoria

Question 7

what are the types of opioid receptors

Answer 7

• mu: analgeisa
• kappa: spinal analgesia
• delta: dysphoria

Question 8

where are opioid receptors mainly located

Answer 8

• CNS
• Gi tract
• Nerve endings in peripheral tissue

Question 9

morphine side effects

Answer 9

• nausea and vomiting
• sedation
• urinary retention
• respirartory depression
• drug abuse and addiction
• constipation

Question 10

goals in opioid therapy

Answer 10

• pain relief
• improved quality of lfe
• improved functional capacity

Question 11

uses of opioid therapy

Answer 11

• strong and moderate acute pain
• palliative care
• treatment of diarrhea
• relief from coughing
• chronic pain

Question 12

opioid addiction

Answer 12

Compulsive use of drugs for
nonmedical reasons; it is characterized by a craving for mood altering drug effects, not
pain relief

Question 13

The contemporry opioid epidemic in USA

Answer 13

• 11.4 million people misused prescirption opioids
• 130+ deaths daily from opioid related OD
• 81,000 people used heroin for the first time

Question 14

what are the consequences to opioid epidemic

Answer 14

• NAS (neonatal abstinence syndrome)
• A drug-withdrawal syndrome in newborns due to maternal use of opioids during pregnancy
  Symptoms:
• irrtability
• poor sucking reflex
• sezuires
• poor weight gain
  major implications:
• increase hositlisation of newborns
• increase cost of caring for newborns