lecture 9 Flashcards
1
Q
what were 2 innovative synthetic drugs foud via animal testing of compound libraries
A
- Salvasan: arsenic drug for treating syphilis infections
- Prontosil: azo drug for strepococcal infections
2
Q
how did sulfonamides pave the way for hospitals
A
- Proved that fatal infectious diseases were “manageable” with drugs (e.g. pneumonia)
- Fostered hospital microbiology
infrastructure: - Well equipped labs
- Handling lots of patient samples
- Sample analysis protocols
- Dosing guidelines
- Trained medical, nursing & scientific staff
3
Q
Limitations of Salvarsan and sulfa drugs
A
- narrow spectrum of action
- toxicity to patient with salvarsan (aresenic)
- Skin stained with prontosil
- bacterial resistance a problem with sulfa drugs
4
Q
History of the discovery of penicillin
A
- 1870 Burdon-Sanderson attracted by Pasteurs germ theory reported penicillium mould to stop bacterial growth
- Joesph Liser found antiseptic properties of phenol
5
Q
how did penicillin get discovered
A
- Alexander Fleming (1955)
- watched soilders die of infected wounds in ww1
- Fleming left agar plant on lab bench and returened to work and noticed inhibitory effect of mould on bacterial growth
- half hearted follow up
- drug forgotten for 13 years
6
Q
Who first successfully tested penicillin
A
Howard Florey
- march 1940 on mice
7
Q
Who made penicillin
A
- Dorothy Hodgkin solved unusal b-lactam stucture
8
Q
what are the three ways drugs can fight back
A
1- efflux (pump drug out of cell)
2- inactive drug by enzyme
3- mutate drug targert
