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VetPrep Practice Questions > Cardio Review 2 > Flashcards

Cardio Review 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What will you hear on auscultation of an atrial septal defect?

A

Low grade murmur d/t low blood flow velocity

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2
Q

Are atrioventricular septal defects more common in cats or dogs?

A

Cats

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3
Q

Are AV valve malformations more common in cats or dogs?

A

Cats

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4
Q

Which dog breeds are predisposed to tricuspid valve malformations?

A

Labs, boxer, GSD

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5
Q

Which dog breeds are predisposed to mitral valve malformations?

A

Great dane, GR, Newfoundland

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6
Q

What type of AV valve malformation is most common?

A

Regurgitation

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7
Q

When regurgitation is severe, the corresponding ventricle is usually _____

A

Small

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8
Q

Tricuspid valve malformations cause what type of hypertrophy and which side of the heart is affected?

A

R eccentric (volume)

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9
Q

Mitral valve malformations cause what type of hypertrophy and which side of the heart is affected?

A

L eccentric (volume)

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10
Q

What type of murmur will you hear with AV valve malformations?

A

Atypical systolic murmur

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11
Q

How do you treat tricuspid valve malformations?

A

ACE inhibitors (or BV for stenosis)

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12
Q

Causes a splintered QRS complex

A

Tricuspid valve malformations

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13
Q

How do you dx tricuspid and mitral valve malformations?

A 
Tricuspid = echo
Mitral = radiographs
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14
Q

How do you treat LVOT assoc. w/mitral valve disease?

A

Beta blockers

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15
Q

What is the 2nd most common acquired disease in dogs?

A

DCM

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16
Q

What is the most common heart disease in cats?

A

HCM

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17
Q

What dog breed has the highest prevalence of DCM and why?

A

Dobermans have PDK4 + NCSU DCM2 mutations

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18
Q

Which dog breed has a juvenile onset of DCM?

A

Portuguese water dogs

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19
Q

Which cat breeds is HCM heritable and why?

A

Maine Coon, ragdoll, DSH have mutation in myosin binding protein C

20
Q

What is the most common presenting sign of HCM?

A

Dyspnea/tachypnea

21
Q

What type of hypertrophy does DCM cause and which side of the heart is affected?

A

L eccentric (volume)

22
Q

What heart sound will DCM produce in CATS?

A

Gallop

23
Q

What heart sound will HCM produce in cats?

A

L systolic murmur, gallop

24
Q

How do you diagnose HCM in an asymptomatic cat (incidental finding)?

A

Wall thickness >6mm (echo)

25
Q

What should be measured in any atypical breed with DCM?

A

Blood taurine

26
Q

What diagnostic tool can ddx cardiac vs. non-cardiac causes of resp signs?

A

NT-proBNP

27
Q

How do you treat occult (asymptomatic) DCM?

A

Benazepril + pimobendan

28
Q

How do you treat overt (symptomatic) DCM (heart failure)?

A

Furosemide, pimobendan, ACEi, spironolactone

29
Q

How do you treat pleural effusion assoc. w/HCM?

A

Thoracocentesis, furosemide

30
Q

What is the most common adult onset heart disease in Boxers?

A

Arrhythmogenic RV cardiomyopathy (ARVC)

31
Q

What is the heritability of ARVC?

A

Autosomal dominant deletion mutation w/incomplete penetrance

32
Q

What % of Boxers have ARVC?

A

30%

33
Q

Which region of the heart is primarily affected by ARVC?

A

RV

34
Q

What ECG characteristics will you see with ARVC?

A

VPCs, VT, R-on-T

35
Q

How do you dx ARVC?

A

24h holter monitor

36
Q

When does ARVC require treatment?

A

> 180 VPCs/24h, runs of VT, or R-on-T

37
Q

What is the treatment of choice for ARVC?

A

Sotalol

38
Q

Any cat with heart disease should also have this drug added to their medication regimen

A

Clopidogrel

39
Q

What is the most common clinical sign of infectious endocarditis?

A

Lameness

40
Q

What causes lameness assoc. w/endocarditis?

A

Immune complex formation

41
Q

Which animals are predisposed to endocarditis?

A

Previous diagnosis of subaortic stenosis

Recent history of infection

42
Q

Which valves are most commonly affected by endocarditis in small animals?

A

Mitral, aortic

43
Q

What organisms cause endocarditis?

A

Strep intermedius, Staph aureus, E. coli, Brucella, Pseudomonas

44
Q

What ECG characteristics will you see with endocarditis?

A

VPCs, VT, 3* AV block

45
Q

What empirical tx can you give to an endocarditis patient until C&S results?

A

Beta lactam + aminoglycoside/enro

46
Q

When should you NOT give aminoglycosides to an endocarditis patient?

A

CHF signs (adverse effects on kidneys)

VetPrep Practice Questions (47 decks)

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