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CVS > L06: Autonomic Pharmacology > Flashcards

L06: Autonomic Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 division of the autonomic NS

A

Sympathetic
Parasympathetic
Enteric

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2
Q

What does the post ganglionic neurones of the sympathetic NS release

A

Noradrenaline or adrenaline

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3
Q

What does the post ganglionic of the parasympathetic ns release

A

Ach

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4
Q

What are the layers of the blood vessels

A

Tunica intima
Elastic interna
Tunica media
Tunica adventita

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5
Q

What does the tunica adventita involve

A

Blood vessels and nerves

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6
Q

What are the 2 main subtypes of the sympathetic receptros

A

Alpha

Beta

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7
Q

In terms of the cardiac which adrenoceptor is relevant

A

Beta 1 adrenoceptor

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8
Q

In terms of the blood vessels which adrenoceptors are relevant

A

Alpha 1 and alpha 2

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9
Q

What does activating beta 1 adrenoceptor result in

A

Increased heart rate
Increased contractility
Increased relaxation and contractions

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10
Q

Describe the intracellular pathway when a beta agonist binds to beta 1 adrenoceptor

A

1) beta 1 adrenoceptor is a GCPR and activates Gs
2) Gs stimulates adenylyl cyclase to produce CAMP
3) CAMP activates Protein kinase A
4) protein kinase A opens voltage gated calcium channels so calcium influx occurs
5) calcium influx causes the release of other calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum
6) cross bridges are formed
7) calcium is then stored by being removed by SERCA

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11
Q

What are beta 1 adrenoceptor agonist

A

Adrenaline

Dolbutamine

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12
Q

What does adrenaline treat

A

No electrical rhyme

Sever arrhythmia

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13
Q

What is dolbutamine used to treat

A

Low cardiac output

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14
Q

What happens intracellular when an alpha adrenoceptor agonist binds to the receptor

A

1) Alpha 1 receptors are coupled to Gq which activates IP3
2) IP3 leads to the release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum
3) this causes vasoconstriction of blood vessels.

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15
Q

What are the examples of alpha 1 agonist

A

Phenylephine
Midodrine
Droxidopa

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16
Q

Give example of alpha 2 adreneceptor agonist

A

Clonidine

Brimonidine

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17
Q

Name a drugs that is an alpha 1 antagonist

A

Doxazosin

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18
Q

What does an alpha 1 antagonist cause

A

Vasodilation

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19
Q

Name a beta blocker

A

Preponolol

20
Q

What is the role of beta blockers

A

Decrease contractility

21
Q

When is beta blockers used

A

In angina

22
Q

Name a drug that is an alpha and beta antagonist

A

Carvedilol

23
Q

When is carvedilol used

A

In heart failure

24
Q

What is the role of the parasympathetic NS

A

Slow heart rate

Slow AVN conduction

25
Q

Which receptors does ach from parasympathetic post ganglionic neurones act on

A

M2 muscarinic receptors

26
Q

What happens intracellular when ach binds to M2 receptors

A

1) M2 receptors are coupled to Gi proteins which inhibits adenylyl cyclase so CAMP is reduced
2) contraction doesn’t occur

27
Q

What is another intracellular pathway of ach within M2 receptors

A

1) activate potassium channels

2) potassium influx causes hyper-polarisation

28
Q

Name an M2 receptor antagonist

A

Atropine

29
Q

When is atropine used

A

In bradycardia

30
Q

What are sympathetic nerve terminal

A

Bulges of nerve terminals that release noradrenaline

31
Q

What happens to noradrenaline at nerve terminals

A

they a taken back in to the terminal by noradrenaline transporter

32
Q

Which drugs block noradrenaline transporters

A

Cocaine

33
Q

At what other site is noradrenaline is taking in

A

Muscle and other cell types

34
Q

What happens to noradrenaline when is is taken back into the the nerve terminal

A

Brocken down by an enzyme called monoamine oxidase

35
Q

Which drugs block mono amine oxidase enzyme

A

Phenelzine

36
Q

What is noradrenaline made from in the nerve terminals

A

Dopa which is converted to dopamine then to noradrenaline

37
Q

Which drugs inhibit dopa so less noradrenaline is made

A

Methyldopa

38
Q

Which transporter release noradrenaline when it is made in the nerve terminals

A

Nor adrenaline transporter

39
Q

Which drugs can block noradrenaline transporters to noradrenaline is not released

A

Indirectly acting sympathomimetics amine

40
Q

What is metropol

A

Beta 1 blocker

41
Q

What is dobutamine

A

Beta 1 agonist

42
Q

What us salbutamol

A

Beta 1 agonist

43
Q

What is phenylephrine

A

Alpha 1 agonist

44
Q

What is doxazosin

A

Alpha 1 antagonist

45
Q

What is colonidine

A

Alpha 2 agonist

CVS (19 decks)

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