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CVS > L07: Aterial Vessels And Haemodynamics > Flashcards

L07: Aterial Vessels And Haemodynamics Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of elastic arteries

A

Determine ABP

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2
Q

Give an example of an elastic artery

A

Aorta

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3
Q

What are the 2 function of elastic arteries

A

1) Dampen the pulsatile flow of blood in aorta so continuous flow occurs in the rest of the circulation
2) level of arterial pressure is maintained in the aorta at diastole

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4
Q

What does ejection of blood into the aorta result in

A

A pressure wave

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5
Q

What is the maximum pressure developed in systole

A

120 mmhg

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6
Q

What is the minimum value of pressure in diastole

A

80 mmhg

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7
Q

What is the difference in systolic and diastolic pressure

A

Pulse pressure

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8
Q

What is mean abp

A

Time average value that takes into account that arterial pressure rises and falls throughout cardiac cycle

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9
Q

What happens to the walls of the aorta when it receives blood from the ventricle

A

Expand to maintain blood pressure

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10
Q

What happens to the walls of the aorta during diastole

A

Walls recoils

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11
Q

What does the recoiling of the aortic walls do to the blood

A

Propel it forward

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12
Q

How does the blood become propelled during recoiling

A

Energy is released that was stored during systole

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13
Q

What is the effect of blood propelling forward called

A

Windkessel effect

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14
Q

What does the windkessel effect enable

A

Continuous blood flow even during diastole

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15
Q

Which type of vessel has the greatest pressure change as it enters to another vessel type

A

Arterioles

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16
Q

What are another name for arterioles

A

Resistance vessels

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17
Q

What happens to elastic arteries as you age

A

Elastic properties degenerate

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18
Q

What does degeneration of elastic properties in elastic vessels mean in terms of pressure

A

Lower diastolic pressure

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19
Q

Why is there a lower diastolic pressure when there is a loss of elastic

A

Reduced elastic recoil

Less blood propelled, less blood volume, less blood pressure

20
Q

What is the loss of elasticity with age known as

A

Arteriosclerosis

21
Q

When does blood flow

A

When there is difference in pressure

22
Q

Why do we need pressure for flow to occur

A

To overcome resistance

23
Q

Is flow equal to resistance or irreversible to resistance

A

Irreversible

24
Q

What is resistance determined by

A

Length
Blood viscosity
Radius

25
Q

What happens to the resistance as length of a vessel increases

A

Resistance increases

26
Q

What happens to resistance as blood viscosity increases

A

Resistance increases

27
Q

What happens to resistance as radius increases

A

Resistance decreases

28
Q

What is laminar flow

A

Flow of blood in most vessels

Blood flows in layers that slip over each other

29
Q

In laminar flow where is the fastest flow found

A

In the centre

30
Q

In laminar flow where is the slowest flow found

A

On the sides of the wall

31
Q

What law does the laminar flow follow

A

Poiseuilles law

32
Q

What is turbulent flow

A

Ineffienct blood flow

33
Q

When does turbulent flow occur

A

When flow velocity is high

34
Q

What does the blood flow in turbulent flow cause that we can hear

A

Vibrations

35
Q

What is the equation for ABP

A

Cardiac output x TPR

36
Q

If the systolic pressure is the pressure in the aorta during systole, what gives rise to a high systolic pressure

A

High stroke volume

37
Q

What is systolic pressure determined by

A

High stroke volume
Aortic distensibility
Ejection velocity
Dystolic pressure of previous beat

38
Q

Therefore when do we get an increased SP

A

Increased venous return
Exercise
Ageing

39
Q

What is dystolic pressure determined by

A

Arteriolar resistance

Heart rate

40
Q

What is arteriolar resistance increased by

A

Vasoconstriction
Arteriosclerosis
Atherosclerosis

41
Q

What type of heart rate increases dystolic pressure

A

Very high

42
Q

Overall what is systolic pressure determined by

A

Cardiac output

43
Q

Overall what is diastolic pressure determined by

A

Total peripheral resistance

44
Q

When there is a high TPR what is the diastolic pressure like

A

High

45
Q

Why is there a high diastolic pressure when there is a high TPR

A

A high TPR makes it difficult for the blood to run away so pressure is maintained at a higher level so you have more blood/pressure that is detected .

46
Q

Why is there a low diastolic pressure when the TPR is low

A

A low TPR means the blood can run away easily and less of it is detected and this makes it become a low DP

CVS (19 decks)

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