Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CVS > 17: Exercise Traning And Rehabilitation > Flashcards

17: Exercise Traning And Rehabilitation Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 types of exercise

A

Static

Dynamic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is static exercise

A

Muscles have a high exerted intensity without the movement of their joints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is dynamic exercise

A

Aerobic exercise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Examples of dynamic exercise

A

Running
Jumping
Cycling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What happens to the ABP in static exercise

A

Abp increases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the equation for ABP

A 
CO x TPR
Or
(SV X HR) X TRP
OR 
((EDV-ESV) x HR) X TPR
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Why does the ABP increase in static exercise

A

Diastole and systolic pressure increase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What happens to the heart rate in static exercise

A

Increase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What happens to the blood flow in static exercise

A

Decrease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Why does the blood flow in static exercise decrease

A

Muscle contracts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What happens to the ABP during dynamic exercise

A

Slightly increases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Why does the ABP only slightly increase and not fully increase

A

Systolic increases and diastolic decreases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What happens to the blood flow in dynamic exercise

A

Blood flow increases in proportion to exercise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Why does diastolic decrease

A

Increase in blood flow increases TPR and therefore decreases diastolic pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What substances is exercise hyperaemia dependent on

A

Potassium
Adenosine
Phosphate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the role of the metabolic substances

A

To decrease TPR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Where are the metabolic substances released from

A

Muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the pattern of blood flow in dynamic exercise

A

Rhythmic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the pattern of blood flow in static exercise

A

Blood flow increases after contraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How do potassium, adenosine and phosphate decrease the TPR

A

By dilating the vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How do we get the exercise reflex from being stimulated

A

Metabolic stimulates receptors of metaboreceptors and/or joint receptors (In dynamic)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Where do these receptors feed information into

A

The CNS of NTS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Where does the NTS feed information into

A

SLR (subthalmic locomotor region)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What happens at the SLR

A

Pattern of exercise integrated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What does the SLR lead to

A

Increase in respiration
Increase in HR and contractility to increase co
Increase in SNS to all types of muscles to get vasoconstriction and increase TPR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Which neurone stimulates the increase in respiration

A

Central respiratory neurone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Which neurone increases HR and contractility

A

Nucleus ambiguus decreases to decrease PNS

RVLM increases to increase SNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Which neurone causes the increase in vasoconstriction of all blood vessels

A

RVLM to sympathetic pre-ganglionic neurones

29
Q

On top of all this what happens from the cortex i.e central commons

A

Cortex reinforces the SLR to reinforce the exercise reflex depending on the motivation of the person

30
Q

At the end of the exercise reflect what do we get

A

Sympathetic vasoconstriction which overcomes the exercise hyperaemia so TPR changes little
Baroreceptors reflex corrects the ABP to a higher set point

31
Q

What happens in the skin circulation if the thermoregulation reflex occurs

A

Fall in diastolic pressure

32
Q

When does the thermoregulatory reflex occur

A

When the temperature rises

33
Q

Are the peripheral chemoreceptors stimulated if the pao2 and paco2 and PH remain constant

A

No

34
Q

When do the peripheral chemoreceptors become stimulated

A

In anaerobic respiration

35
Q

What happens to the levels of Pao2, paco2 and ph in anaerobic respiration

A

Pao2 increase
Paco2 decrease
Ph increase

36
Q

What causes the decrease in ph in anaerobic exercise

A

Lactate acid formation

37
Q

When the peripheral chemoreceptors are stimulated in anaerobic exercise what happens in the end

A

Ventilation increases

38
Q

Which exercise is recommended to a patient with CVS disease

A

Dynamic

39
Q

What happens to the reflexes in static exercise

A

Increase in exercise reflex
Increase in peripheral chemoreceptors due to accumulation of lactic acid
Produced pain

40
Q

What responses are involved in acute exercise

A

Increase in metabolic dilation due to potassium, hydorgen ion and adenosine
Increase in cardiac output to muscles

41
Q

What happens in repeated exercise i.e trading

A

Adaptation

42
Q

What is the vo2 max

A

The rate of o2 from the lungs to the mitochondria

43
Q

What does the rate of VO2 depend on

A

Muscle perfusion
Rate of o2 uptake
Rate of mitochondria uptake

44
Q

Therefore what is improved in training

A

Vo2 max

Muscle perfusion

45
Q

What is the vo2 max dependent on

A

Cardiac output
Haematocrit
Resting vo2

46
Q

What changes occur to the heart when you train

A

Eccentric hypertrophy

47
Q

What is eccentric hypertrophy

A

Increase in chamber size without an increase in the wall thickening

48
Q

Which chambers increase in size by eccentric hypertrophy

A

Left and right ventricles

49
Q

What causes eccentric hypertrophy

A

Growth factors

50
Q

When are growth factors released

A

During aerobic exercise

51
Q

What happens to the EDV in training

A

Increases

52
Q

Why does EDV increase

A

Increased chamber size due to eccentric hypertrophy
Increased blood volume
increased central venous pressure i.e venous return

53
Q

What does an increase in EDV to do the SV

A

Increase SV

54
Q

What does increase in SV cause

A

Increased contractility and therefore increases CO

55
Q

What happens to the HR in someone who is trained

A

Decreases

56
Q

Why does the HR decrease

A

To achieve the same co

57
Q

What is the equation for CO

A

Sv x hr

58
Q

What causes a resting bradycardia

A

Increased tonic vagal activity i.e PNS
Increased ACH release of SAN to simulate muscarinic receptors
Decreases intrinsic pacemaker activity
Decreased SNS activity to the SAN

59
Q

Overall what happens to the ABP in someone who is trained

Think about the equation of ABP=CO X TPR) or (ABP=(SVxHR) x TPR

A

Decreases

60
Q

In a normal person what is the diffusion distance between the cardiac myocyte and the capillary

A

Low

61
Q

What happens to the diffusion distance in eccentric hypertrophy

A

Low

62
Q

Why is the diffusion distance low if the cardiac myocytes increase in length

A

We get an increased number of capillaries and arterioles which increase the O2 transport

63
Q

What muscle changes occur to increase vo2 max

A 
Increase in capillary density 
Increased arterioles 
Increases muscle mitochondria 
Increases muscle myoglobin 
Arterial expansion
64
Q

What happens to the haematocrit in a trained person

A

Increases as they train at a high altitude i.e hypoxia which increases RBC production by stimulating erythropoiesis

65
Q

What does an increase in RBC do to the VO2 max

A

Increase it

66
Q

What will training in a cvs patient do

A

Eccentric hypertrophy

Increase ionotrophy

67
Q

What does the NICE guidelines recommend to people at risk of CVD

A

Moderate aerobic exercise or vigorous exercise

Should avoid heavy lifting i.e static exercise

68
Q

What are the long term benefits of exercising

A 
Reduced ABP
Control BMI 
Improve cholesterol 
Reduce anxiety 
Reduce diabetes risk due to increase in glucose transport 
Recover from mycardial infarction

CVS (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions