Chapter 11: Positive Reinforcement

Question 1

Reinforcement that occurs independently of social mediation of others (scratching an itch)

Answer 1

Automatic reinforcement

Question 2

a stimulus change that functions as a reinforcer because of prior paining with one or more other reinforcers, sometimes called a secondary or learned reinforcer

Answer 2

Conditioned reinforcer

Question 3

a conditioned reinforcer that as a result of having been paired with many other reinforcers does not depend on an establishing operation for any particular form of reinforcement for its effectiveness

Answer 3

Generalized conditioned reinforcer

Question 4

occurs when a behavior is followed immediately by the presentation of a stimulus that increases the future frequency of the behavior in similar conditions

Answer 4

Positive reinforcement

Question 5

A stimulus whose presentation or onset functions as a reinforcement

Answer 5

Positive reinforcer

Question 6

A principle that states that making the opportunity to engage in a high-probability behavior contingent on the occurrence of a low-frequency behavior will function as reinforcement for the low-frequency behavior will function as reinforcement for the low-frequency behavior.

Answer 6

Premack Principal

Question 7

A model for predicting whether contingent access to one behavior will function as reinforcement for engaging in another behavior based on whether access to the contingent behavior represents a restriction of the activity compared to the baseline level of engagement

Answer 7

Response-deprivation hypothesis

Question 8

A variety of procedures used to determine the stimuli that a person prefers, the relative preference values (high versus low) of those stimuli the conditions under which those preference values remain in effect, and their presumed value of reinforcers

Answer 8

Stimulus preference assessment

Question 9

A stimulus change that increases the frequency of any behavior that immediately precedes it irrespective of the organs’ learning history with the stimulus. Unconditioned reinforcers are the product of the evolutionary development of the species (phylogeny). Also called a primary or unlearned reinforcer.

Answer 9

Unconditioned reinforcer