Microbiology 19 - Influenza and Covid-19 Flashcards

1
Q

What drives zoonosis of influenza viruses from wild water fowl?

A

Antigenic drift

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2
Q

What must a mutation change to produce a pandemic-producing virus ?

A

Transmissibility between humans

Antigenic novelty

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3
Q

Recall the process of influenza A cleavage

A
  1. Viral spike proteins (most important is haemaglutinnin - HA)
  2. Protease required to cleave HA is only found in airway (Human Airway Tryptase)
  3. HAT cleaves influenza A at a specific site
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4
Q

What is the mechanism of action of amantidine, and what is it used for?

A

Targets M2 ion channel

Used to treat strains types of influenza virus

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5
Q

What class of drug is oseltamivir?

A

Neuraminidase inhibitor

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6
Q

What is the flu vaccine made up of?

A

Haemaglutinnin and neuraminidase proteins

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7
Q

What is the most important reason why SARS 2003 was so much easier to contain than SARS Covid 19?

A

Patients had easily-identifiable symptoms that developed quickly and so could be isolated - covid-19 is much more insidious!

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8
Q

Describe the genome of SARS-Cov2

A

Huge single-stranded RNA genome

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9
Q

What is Nsp14, and why is it important to the covid genome?

A

It’s a proof-reading exonuclease - which is unusual for an RNA virus

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10
Q

How does covid bind to cells to gain entry?

A

Via ACE2

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11
Q

How long after infection is covid infectious?

A

3 days

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12
Q

Recall 2 important factors that will be at elevated serum levels in covid infection, and can be useful clinically?

A

IL-6

D-dimer

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13
Q

What benefit is remdesivir shown to have in coronavirus?

A

Shortens time to recovery

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14
Q

In which patients is dexamethosone effective at reducing coronavirus death?

A

In those who are receiving oxygen

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15
Q

Which monoclonal is being used to treat coronavirus?

A

Tociluzmab - anti-IL6

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