CbD - Polyfunctional molecules Flashcards
What is a polyfunctional molecule?
A molecule with many functional groups.
What do you use the functional groups in a compound to do?
Name and classify compounds.
Which functional group in a polyfunctional molecule is used as the suffix?
The main functional group.
Which functional group in a polyfunctional molecule is used as the prefix?
The other functional groups apart from the main one.
What are the functional groups in order of priority when naming and classifying compounds?
MOST - carboxylic acids (including dicarboxylic acids) - acid anhydrides - esters - acyl chlorides - amides - aldehydes - ketones - alcohols (including diols) - phenols - primary amines (including diamines) - alkenes - arenes - alkanes - ethers - haloalkanes LEAST
How do you list the names if you need to included more than one functional group prefix?
In alphabetical order.
What test would you use to see if the molecule contains a phenol group?
The aqueous iron(III) chloride test.
Add to phenol and shake - purple solution if positive.
What test can you do to see if a molecule contains a carboxyl group?
The sodium carbonate test.
(React a carbonate (sodium carbonate) with the compound being tested - if CO2 produced then there is a carboxyl group (bubble through limewater to be sure - it will go cloudy if it is CO2.).)
What is Benedict’s solution used to test for?
Aldehydes - it is basically Fehling’s solution.
What can you use to decide whether you have a polyfunctional molecule?
Melting point
How can you use melting point to decide whether you have a polyfunctional molecule or a mixture of several different organic molecules?
Melt the substance using melting point apparatus. If the substance melts all at the same time, then it’s probably one single molecule. (And is polyfunctional.)
If some melts at one temperature, then more melts at a different temperature, then you’ve probably got more than one molecule in your substance.
Prefix for an aldehyde?
Oxo-
