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BDS2 OCB > OCB03-2009 NORADRENALINE > Flashcards

OCB03-2009 NORADRENALINE Flashcards

1
Q

What type of function do α-adrenergic receptors have?

A

Excitatory or inhibitory

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2
Q

What type of function do β-adrenergic receptors have?

A

Excitatory

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3
Q

What CNS functions is NA important in?

A

Arousal

Central blood pressure regulation

Mood control

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4
Q

What are the two major nuclei containing noradrenergic neurons?

A

Locus coeruleus

Caudal raphe nuclei

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5
Q

Where is the locus coeruleus found?

A

Midbrain

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6
Q

Where are the caudal raphe nuclei found?

A

Near brainstem

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7
Q

Where do noradrenergic neurons from the locus coeruleus project to?

A

Frontal cortex

Thalamus

Hypothalamus

Limbic system

Cerebellum

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8
Q

Where do noradrenergic neurons from the caudal raphe nuclei project to?

A

Ascend to amygdala

Descend to spinal cord

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9
Q

How is NA formed?

A

Dopamine –> NA by dopamine-β-hydroxylase in vesicles

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10
Q

Where is dopamine-β-hydroxylase found?

A

In vesicles

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11
Q

What is the pathway of NA degradation in neurons?

A

NA –> dihydroxymandelic acid by MAOa

Dihydroxymandelic acid –> methoxyhydroxymandelic acid by COMT

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12
Q

What is the pathway of NA degradation in glial cells?

A

NA –> normetanephrine by COMT

Normetanephrine –> methoxyhydroxymandelic acid by MAOa

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13
Q

What can be measured to determine NA activity in the CNS?

A

Measure methoxyhydroxymandelic acid in urine

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14
Q

What does VMA mean?

A

Methoxyhydroxymandelic acid (vanillylmandelic acid)

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15
Q

How is NA removed from the synapse?

A

NET into neurons

ENT into glial cells

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16
Q

What does NET mean?

A

Norepinephrine transporter

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17
Q

What is the function of the presynaptic α2-receptors?

A

Inhibits NT release and inhibits voltage-gated Ca channels

18
Q

What happens when α1-receptors are activated?

A

Gq

PLC activated to increase IP3 and DAG

Increases intracellular Ca++

19
Q

What happens when postsynaptic α2-receptors are activated?

A

Gi

Adenylyl cyclase inhibited and K channel open and voltage-gated Ca channels close

K+ efflux = re/hyperpolarisation

20
Q

What G protein are the β-adrenoceptors coupled to?

A

Gs

21
Q

What receptors does isoprenaline act on?

A

Agonist for β1/2

22
Q

What is isoprenaline used to treat?

A

Asthma

23
Q

What receptors does dobutamine act on?

A

Agonist for β1

24
Q

What is dobutamine used to treat?

A

Cardiogenic shock

25
Q

What receptors does salbutamol act on?

A

Agonist for β2

26
Q

What types of drugs are used to treat asthma?

A

β2 agonists

27
Q

What receptors does phenylephrine act on?

A

Agonist for α1

28
Q

What is phenylephrine used to treat?

A

Nasal congestion

29
Q

What receptors does clonidine act on?

A

Agonist for α2

30
Q

What is clonodine used to treat?

A

Hypertension

Migraine

High intraocular pressure

Menopause flushing

31
Q

What receptors does phentolamine act on?

A

Antagonist of α1/2

32
Q

What receptors does prazocin act on?

A

Antagonist of α1

33
Q

What is prazocin used to treat?

A

Hypertension

34
Q

What receptors does propanolol act on?

A

Antagonist for β1/2

35
Q

What is propanolol used to treat?

A

Angina

Hypertension

Dysrhythmias

Anxiety

Tremor

36
Q

What receptors does metoprolol act on?

A

Antagonist of β1

37
Q

What is metoprolol used to treat?

A

Angina

Hypertension

Dysrhythmias

38
Q

How does amphetamine or methylphenidate affect NA transmission and what is the result of this?

A

Displace NA from vesicles and inhibit MAO to increase NA release (leakage)

Addictive, stimulant; psychoses

Calming in ADHD

Narcolepsy

Appetite suppressant

39
Q

How does cocaine affect NA transmission and what is the result of this?

A

Inhibits NET (main action on DAT)

Addictive, stimulant

40
Q

How do tricyclic antidepressants/NSRIs/SNRIs affect NA transmission?

A

Inhibit NET

41
Q

What is ephedrine used to treat?

A

Nasal decongestant (increases NA release in CNS)

42
Q

How do MAO inhibitors affect NA transmission? What can they be used to treat?

A

Decreased NA metabolism

Treat depression

BDS2 OCB (22 decks)

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