Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BDS2 OCB > OCB04-2002 > Flashcards

OCB04-2002 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the main function of the cranium?

A

Protect brain and sensory organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the two main parts of the cranium?

A

Neurocranium

Viscerocranium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How many bones make up the neurocranium?

A

8

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which bones make up the neurocranium?

A

Frontal

Ethmoidal

Sphenoidal

Occipital

2 temporal

2 parietal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the three regions of the neurocranium?

A

Calvaria

Basicranium

Intracranial region

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How many bones form the viscerocranium?

A

14

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which bones form the viscerocranium?

A

2 maxilla

2 inferior nasal conchae

2 zygomatic

2 palatine

2 nasal

2 lacrimal

Mandible

Vomer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the only movable joint in the skull?

A

Temporomandibular joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Describe the basic parts of the sphenoid.

A

Pair of lesser wings superiorly

Pair of greater wings inferiorly

Body

Medial and lateral pterygoid plates inferiorly on each side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What makes up the nasal septum?

A

Perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone

Vomer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the two parts of the temporal bone called?

A

Squamous part (external)

Petrous part (internal)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Why is the petrous part of the temporal bone so hard?

A

Protect the inner ear/cochlea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What region of the skull is most easily fractured and why?

A

Pterion

Where many skull bones meet, very thin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the name of the point where the temporal, parietal and occipital bones meet?

A

Asterion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What do the frontal bones form?

A

Forehead

Roof of orbits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What do the parietal bones form?

A

Lateral walls and roof of cranium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What do the occipital bones form?

A

Posterior region of skull

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What do the temporal bones form?

A

Inferolateral walls of skull

Part of intracranial region

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the function of the sphenoid bone in the skull?

A

Unites cranial and facial bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What bones does the sphenoid articulate with?

A

Every other cranial bone

Maxilla, palatine, zygomatic and vomer bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What do the ethmoidal bones form?

A

Anteromedial floor of cranium

Roof of nasal cavity and part of nasal septum

Part of medial wall of orbits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What shape are the palatine bones?

A

L-shaped

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What do the palatine bones form?

A

Part of hard palate, nasal cavity and eye orbit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Which bones form the central part of the viscerocranium?

A

Maxillae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Which are the smallest bones in the skull?

A

Lacrimal bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What do the lacrimal bones form?

A

Part of medial walls of orbits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Why does the lacrimal bone have a groove?

A

Passageway for tear ducts to drain into nasal cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What do the nasal bones form?

A

Bridge of nose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What does the vomer form?

A

Inferoposterior part of nasal septum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is another term used for the inferior nasal conchae?

A

Turbinates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Where are the inferior nasal conchae located?

A

Lateral wall of nasal cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What is the function of the inferior nasal conchae?

A

Creates turbulence in inhaled air => slows air so it can be warmed and filtered

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What bone are the superior and middle nasal conchae part of?

A

Ethmoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Describe the location of the mandibular foramen.

A

Inner/medial side of ramus, partly covered by the lingula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What passes through the mandibular foramen?

A

Inferior alveolar/dental nerve and associated vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

When do motor nerves to the mylohyoid and anterior belly of the digastric branch off the IAN?

A

Just before the IAN enters the mandibular foramen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What emerges from the mental foramen?

A

Mental nerves (supply skin and mucosa of this area/chin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What are the four main air sinuses in the skull?

A

Frontal

Ethmoidal

Maxillary

Sphenoidal

39
Q

Describe an air sinus.

A

Spaces containing air and mucus which drain out through the nose/nasopharynx

40
Q

Why does maxillary sinusitis usually need treatment (unlike the other sinuses)?

A

Has to drain against the force of gravity to reach nose so harder to clear infections (treat with antibiotics)

41
Q

What are the functions of skull sutures?

A

Allow movement during birth

Act like an expansion joint to allow bones to enlarge evenly as brain grows

42
Q

What type of joint is a suture?

A

Fibrous/synarthrosis

43
Q

What are the four main fontanelles?

A

Anterior fontanelle (between frontal and parietal)

Anterolateral fontanelle (between frontal, parietal, sphenoid and temporal)

Posterolateral fontanelle (between parietal, temporal and occipital)

Posterior fontanelle (between parietal and occipital)

44
Q

What is the bregma point?

A

Where the coronal and sagittal sutures meet (frontal and parietal)

45
Q

What is the lamda point?

A

Where the sagittal and lambdoid sutures meet (parietal and occipital)

46
Q

How many cervical vertebrae are there?

A

7

47
Q

What are the functions of the cervical spine?

A

Support neck structures

Allow movements of head

48
Q

What head movements are enabled by the cervical spine?

A

Flexion (forward tilt) or extension (backward tilt)

Lateral flexion (tilt side to side)

Rotation (turn side to side)

49
Q

Which is the largest cervical vertebra with the longest vertebral prominence?

A

7th

50
Q

What extra feature do the cervical vertebrae have (compared to other vertebrae)?

A

Transverse foramen

51
Q

What is the function of the transverse foramina?

A

Allow passage of vertebral arteries and veins

52
Q

Which of the cervical vertebrae are specialised?

A

C1 “atlas”

C2 “axis”

53
Q

What is different about the first cervical vertebra?

A

(Atlas) has no vertebral body or spinous process

54
Q

What is different about the second cervical vertebra?

A

(Axis) has a “dens” to articulate with the facet of the atlas

55
Q

What are the ligaments important in preventing neck dislocation of first two cervical vertebrae?

A

Cruciform ligament (forms a cross over dens)

Alar ligaments (attach to base of foramen magnum from either side of dens)

56
Q

What bones make up the anterior cranial fossa?

A

Frontal, ethmoid and lesser wings of sphenoid

57
Q

What bones make up the middle cranial fossa?

A

Greater wings and body of sphenoid and petrous part of temporal bone

58
Q

What bones make up the posterior cranial fossa?

A

Temporal and occipital

59
Q

What is the sella turcica?

A

Saddle-like prominence on the superior surface of the body of the sphenoid

Crosses midline and contains pituitary gland

60
Q

Which cranial nerve runs over the pituitary gland?

A

C.II optic nerve

61
Q

What are the three layers of the meninges called?

A

Dura mater

Arachnoid mater

Pia mater

62
Q

Which of the meninges cannot be seen with the naked eye?

A

Pia mater

63
Q

Describe the dura mater.

A

Outermost protective layer of meninges

Made of collagen fibres

64
Q

Describe the arachnoid mater.

A

Middle layer of meninges

Web-like and delicate

65
Q

Describe the pia mater.

A

Innermost layer of meninges

Continuous with surface of brain/spinal cord

66
Q

What is the middle meningeal artery and its significance?

A

Largest of three paired arteries supplying the meninges

Branch of maxillary artery (branch of external carotid)

Runs beneath pterion where skull is easily fractured so may cause extradural haemorrhage

67
Q

What does the middle meningeal artery pass through in the intracranial region?

A

Foramen spinosum (to supply dura mater and calvaria)

68
Q

What is the corpus callosum?

A

Large, C-shaped nerve fibre bundle found beneath cerebral cortex

Connects left and right cerebral hemispheres

White matter

69
Q

What is the septum pellucidum?

A

Membrane separating the anterior parts of the lateral ventricles

70
Q

What is the falx cerebri?

A

Fold of dura mater in longitudinal fissure

Separates cerebral hemispheres

71
Q

What is the falx cerebelli?

A

Fold of dura mater separating the cerebellar hemispheres

72
Q

What is the tentorium cerebelli?

A

Extension of dura mater separating the cerebellum from inferior portion of occipital lobes

73
Q

What is the crista galli?

A

Anterior attachment for the falx cerebri

Part of ethmoid bone

74
Q

What are dural venous sinuses?

A

Spaces between periosteal and meningeal layers of dura mater containing venous blood

No valves

75
Q

What are the two layers of the dura mater called?

A

Periosteal

Meningeal

76
Q

Name the main dural venous sinuses.

A

Superior and inferior sagittal

Straight

Transverse

Cavernous

Superior and inferior petrosal

Sigmoid

77
Q

Where does the blood in the dural venous sinuses come from and drain into?

A

Mostly from brain and cranial cavity

Drains via internal jugular veins

78
Q

What structures pass through the cavernous sinus?

A

Oculomotor nerve (III)

Trochlear nerve (IV)

Ophthalmic nerve (V1)

Maxillary nerve (V2)

Carotid (internal)

Abducens nerve (VI)

79
Q

What forms the boundaries of the cavernous sinus?

A

Anterior = superior orbital fissure

Superior = meninges of clinoid process

Posterior/inferior = petrous temporal

Medial/inferior = sphenoid

Lateral = meninges of middle cranial fossa

80
Q

Where is the pterygoid vein plexus located and why is this significant?

A

Just behind molar region and connects with cavernous sinus

Infections from oral cavity could enter plexus and potentially into the brain due to lack of valves in this area

81
Q

What is the Circle of Willis and why is it beneficial?

A

Arterial blood supply to brain formed by anastomosing of internal carotids and vertebral arteries (basilar artery)

Allows blood to cross midline in case of blockages

82
Q

What are the communicating arteries?

A

Connections between anterior, middle and posterior cerebral arteries of the Circle of Willis

83
Q

The blockage of which artery is the most common cause of strokes and why?

A

Middle cerebral artery

Supplies basal ganglia (involved in motor control)

84
Q

Which artery do the anterior and middle cerebral arteries branch from?

A

Internal carotid

85
Q

Which artery does the posterior cerebral artery branch from?

A

Basilar

86
Q

Where do the vertebral arteries arise from?

A

Subclavian artery at the level of C6

87
Q

What gives the basilar artery its name?

A

Passes over the basilar pons

88
Q

What arteries join to form the basilar artery?

A

Vertebral

89
Q

What is the clivus?

A

Sloping portion of occipital where the basilar pons lies

90
Q

What is another name for the great cerebral vein?

A

Vein of Galen

91
Q

What is the confluence of sinuses?

A

Where the superior sagittal, straight and transverse sinuses meet posteriorly

92
Q

Does the inferior sagittal sinus pass above or below the corpus callosum?

A

Above

93
Q

What forms CSF?

A

Choroid plexus in ventricles

94
Q

Where does CSF exit the ventricular system?

A

Openings in 4th ventricle into the subarachnoid space (firstly cisterna magna behind cerebellum)

BDS2 OCB (22 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions