lec 12 Flashcards
what and where is the mediastinum>
- mediastinum is the space b/w the 2 pleural sacs
- extends strenum -> vertebral col
- contain all structures w/in thoracic cavity except the lungs and pleura
what are the subdivision and what are there
- superior mediastinum: superior thoracic aperture to sternal angle (inferior border of t4)
- inferior mediastinum:
from sternal angle to diaphragm
a. anterior mediastinum: anterior to heart and pericardium
b. middle mediastinum: pericardium and heart
c. posterior to pericardium and diaphragm
superior mediastinum:
- thymus
a. involved in the development of what
b. posterior to
c. involutes when
d. what is a disease of it
a. immune sys
b. manubrium
c. puberty
d. thymoma
superior mediastinum:
- great vessels
a. brachiocephalic veins
- > formed posterior to medial end of clavicle by union of what and what
- > join to form the what where
- > IJV and subclavian vein
- > SVC near right 1st costal cartilage
superior mediastinum:
- great vessels
a. SVC
- > enters the RA where
- > returns venous blood from everything superior to the diaphragm except what and what
- > middle mediastinum
- > lungs and heart
superior mediastinum:
- great vessels
c. arch of aorta
- > arches posterosuperior and to the left, anterior to what , & pass inferiorly adjacent to what
- > gives off 3 branches:
- > trachae; vertebral column;
- > brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid artery, left subclavian artery
superior mediastinum:
- great vessels
d. pulmonary trunk
- > branches into
-> r and l pulmonary arteries
Nerves
a. vagus nerve (CN X)
- > right vagus: passes anterior to what,
- > breaks up into what posterior to the root of the right lungs
- > reforms then break up into
- > give branch to what and what
- > subclavin artery
- > pulmonary plexus
- > esophageal plexus
- > heart and lungs
Nerves
a. vagus nerve (CN X)
- > left vagus: passes to the left of what
- > passes posterior to the root of what
- > gives branches to what, what, and what
- > arch of the aorta
- > root of the left lungs
- > lungs, esophagus, and heart
Nerves
a. vagus nerve (CN X)
- > recurrent laryngeal nerves:
* right: hooks under the what to ascend to the neck
* left: hooks under the what and what to ascend into the neck b/w trachea and esophagus
- right subclavian artery
* ligamentum arteriosum; aortic arch
Nerves
b. phrenic nerve
- > sole motor supply to who
- > sensory to who(4)
- > passes anterior to the root of the what, along the what to enter the diaphragm
- > diaphargm
- > pericardium, pleura(medistinal), pariental peritoneum, diaphargm
- > lung, pericardium
trachea:
- fibrocartilaginous tube anterior to what
- ends by dividing into what at the level of the sternal angle
- > the dividing pt. is called what
- esophagous
- the main primary bronchi
- > carina
esophagus
- fibromuscular tube connecting the what to the stomach
- b/w the what and what
- pharynx
2. trachae and vertebral col
Posterior mediastinum
a. thoracic (descending) aorta
- > descends along the left side of what
- > penetrates the diaphragm where along w/ the what and what
- > vertebral col
- > t12, thoracic duct, and azygos vein
Posterior mediastinum
b. thoracic duct
- > passes upward from where through the aortic hiatus of the diaphragm
- > ascends through the posterior mediastinum b/w the what and the what
- > pass posterior to the esophagus to empty into the junction of what
- > receives all lymph from the left side of what(5) below the diaphragm
- > transport fat absorbed from the GI tract back to where
- > abdomen
- > aorta and azygous vein
- > left internal jugular and subclavian veins
- > head, neck, thorax, upper limb, and entire body
- > venous sys
