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Adv Pharm Faculty Page (Smoller/Bose) > Week 3 Acute Care Antibiotics > Flashcards

Week 3 Acute Care Antibiotics Flashcards

1
Q

Name 2 multidrug-resistant G+ organisms?

A

Staphylococcus aureus

Enterococcus faecium

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2
Q

Name 3 multidrug-resistant G- organisms?

A

Acinetobacter baumannii

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

ESBL enterobacteriacea

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3
Q

Penicillins Examples

A

Eg: Penicillin G (IV or IM), Penicillin V (oral), Amoxicillin, Ampicillin

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4
Q

MOA of Penicillins

A

Disrupt bacterial cell wall

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5
Q

Spectrum of PCNs

A

G+ (Streptococcus, Actinomyces)

G- (Neisseria meningitidis)

No activity against MRSA

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6
Q

Indications for PCNs

A

Group A strep (Strep pyogenes)

PNA

Meningitis

Strep endocarditis

Neuro syphilis

Genital clostridial infxns

Lyme disease

Cystitis

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7
Q

PCN Adverse effects

A

Anaphylaxis (IgE mediated)

Morbilliform rash

Diarrhea

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8
Q

Antistaphylococcal PCNs

A

Amoxicillin-Clavulanate

Ampicillin-sulbactam

Pipercillin-Tazobactam

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9
Q

First Gen Cephalosporins

A

Eg: Cefazolin

Spectrum: G+ (including Staph), some G-

Uses: SSTI, bacterial PNA, UTIs

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10
Q

Second Gen Cephalosporins

A

Eg: Cefoxitin, Cefotetan

Not used much

Good for anaerobic coverage

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11
Q

Third Gen Cephalosporins

A

Eg: Ceftriaxone, Ceftazidime

Spectrum

G+ (Staph, Strep), G-

Ceftazidime covers Pseudomonas also

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12
Q

MOA of Cephalosporins

A

Disrupt bacterial cell wall

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13
Q

Uses of third-gen cephalosporins

A

SSTI

Bacterial PNA

UTI

Bacterial meningitis

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14
Q

Fourth Gen Cephalosporins

A

Eg: Cefepime

Spectrum: G+, G- including Pseudomonas

Uses: Pseudomans infxns (PNA, skin infections, sepsis)

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15
Q

Fifth Gen Cephalosporins

A

Eg: Ceftaroline

Spectrum: G+ , G- rods, and MRSA

Uses: CAP, SSTIs (esp. those by MRSA)

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16
Q

Carbapenems

A

Eg: Imipenem, Merropenem, ertapenem, doripenem

Spectrum

G+, Aerobic G- rods, Anaerobes, Not MRSA

Uses

HAI (VAP, UTI), Mixed Infxns

Side effects

Diarrhea, rash, seizures

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17
Q

Monobactam

A

Eg: Aztreonam

Spectrum

Aerobic G- rods, including Pseudomonas

Uses

Pseudomonal Infxns (VAP, UTIs, Intra-abd)

Side effects

Diarrhea, rash, anaphylaxis

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18
Q

Fluoroquinolones

A

Eg: Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin, Moxifloxacin, Gemifloxacin

Spectrum

G+ cocci, G- rods

Uses

UTIs, chronic prostatitis, Atypical PNA

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19
Q

MOA of Fluoroquinolones

A

Inhibit synthesis and replication of DNA in bacterial cells

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20
Q

MOA of Aminoglycosides

A

Inhibit synthesis and replication of DNA in bacterial cells

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21
Q

Aminoglycosides

A

E.g-Gentamicin, Tobramycin, Amikacin

Spectrum

Aerobic G- rods

Uses

Multidrug-resistant infections, VAP, Endocarditis, Zoonotic infections

Side Effects
Nephrotoxicity, Ototoxicity, issues with neuromuscular blockade

22
Q

Glycopeptides

A
  • *Eg**: Vancomycin and Lipoglycopeptides (Oritavancin, Dalbavancin)
  • *Spectrum**

G+ organisms (Strep, Enterococcus, MRSA, MRSE, Clostridium)

Uses

SSTI, prosthetic device infections, Cdiff Colitis

Side Effects
Red man syndrome, fever, reversible nephrotoxicity, immune thrombocytopenia

23
Q

MOA of Glycopeptides

A

Prevents assembly of bacterial cell wall

24
Q

Macrolides

A

Eg: Erythromycin, Clarithromycin, and azalides (Azithromycin)
Mechanism

Interfere with protein synthesis
Spectrum

G+, G- (not Pseudomonas), Mycobacterium, Rickettsiae, Treponema, Mycoplasma, Chlamydia

25
Q

Uses of a macrolide

A

upper and lower respiratory tract infxns
Chlamydial STIs
non-tuberculous mycobacterial infxns
H.pylori infxns

26
Q

Adverse effects of Macrolides

A

Prolonged QT interval
Transient and reversible tinnitus
Worsens symptoms of Myasthenia gravis

27
Q

Lincosamides

A

Eg: Clindamycin

Spectrum

Aerobic G+ (Staph, CA-MRSA), Anaerobes, Protozoa

28
Q

MOA of Lincosamides

A

Interfere with protein synthesis

29
Q

Side effects of Lincosamides

A

Cdiff Colitis, Diarrhea, liver enzymes (reversible)

30
Q

Oxazolidinones

A

Eg: Linezolid, Tedizolid

Uses
Infxns due to G+ MRSA and VRE, SSTI, CAP, HAP

31
Q

MOA of Oxazolidinones

A

Ribosomal protein inhibitors

32
Q

Side effects of Oxazolidinones

A

Bone marrow suppression

peripheral neuropathy

optic neuropathy

lactic acidosis

33
Q

Lipopeptides

A

Eg-Daptomycin
Mechanism

Accumulates in the cell membrane of G+ organisms
Spectrum

Multi-drug resistant G+ organisms

34
Q

Uses and side effects of Lipopeptides

A

Uses

Staph bacteremia, R. side endocarditis, complicated SSTIs
Side Effects

Skeletal muscle toxicity, immune thrombocytopenia

35
Q

Polypeptides

A

Eg-Colistin
Mechanism

Disrupts outer membrane of G- organisms
Spectrum

Multi-drug resistant G- rods (Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, Acinetobacter, E.coli)

36
Q

Uses and side effects of Polypeptides

A

Uses
Last resort for MDR G- rods in critically ill
Side Effects
Nephrotoxicity, reversible neurotoxicity

37
Q

Nitroimidazoles

A

Eg: Metronidazole, Tinidazole

Spectrum
Most anaerobes

38
Q

MOA of Nitroimidazoles

A

Disrupts electron transport system of anaerobic bacteria

39
Q

Uses and side effects of Nitroimidazoles

A

Uses

Intra-abdominal infxns, Cdiff colitis, anaerobic protozoal infxns (eg: Trichomonas vaginalis)

Side Effects

seizures, peripheral neuropathy

40
Q

Rifamycins

A
  • *Eg**-Rifampin, rifabutin, rifaximin
  • *Spectrum**

Aerobic and anaerobic G+ cocci and rods

41
Q

MOA of Rifamycins

A

Block the interaction of DNA with RNA polymerase

42
Q

Uses of Rifamycins

A

TB (rifampin)

prosthetic valve endocarditis

traveler’s diarrhea (rifaximin)

hepatic encephalopathy (rifaximin)

43
Q

Side effects of Rifamycins

A

Discoloration of body fluids

hepatotoxicity

drug-drug interactions

44
Q

Tetracyclines

A

Eg-Doxycycline, Tigecycline

Spectrum
Intracellular bacteria, Rickettsia, Mycoplasma, Chlamydia,

Acenitobacter baumannii (G-)

45
Q

Uses of Tetracyclines

A

Rocky Mountain spotted fever

complicated SSTIs

complicated intraabdominal infxns

VAP (A. baumanii)

46
Q

Side effects of Tetracyclines

A

Permanent tooth discoloration

photosensitivity

hepatoxicity

47
Q

Sulfonamides

A

Eg-Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole

Spectrum

G+, G-, Mycobacterium, fungi, parasites (eg: Toxoplasma gondii)

48
Q

MOA of Sulfonamides

A

Interfere with folic acid synthesis

49
Q

Uses of Sulfonamides

A

CA-MRSA, UTI, cerebral toxoplasmosis

50
Q

Side effects of Sulfonamides

A

Drug-drug interactions

hyperkalemia

hemolytic anemia

SJS

Adv Pharm Faculty Page (Smoller/Bose) (32 decks)

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