Antihyperglycemic drugs (α-glucosinidase inh, incretin mimetics, amylin analogue) Flashcards
α-glucosinidase inhibitors (2 drugs)
Acarbose
Miglitol
α-glucosinidase inhibitors - MOA
Competitive inhibition of α-Glucosinidase, delaying starch and disaccharide digestion. Also ⇓ glucose absorption. Postprandial hypoglycemia
How are α-glucosinidase inhibitors administered?
Orally, at first bite of food
Which drug increases the bioavailability of metformin?
Acarbose
Miglitol - adverse effects
Flatulence
Incretin mimetics (5 drugs, 2 subgroups)
Exenatide: GLP-1 mimetic Liraglutide: GLP-1 mimetic Sitagliptin: DPP-4 inhibitor Linagliptin: DPP-4 inhibitor Saxagliptin: DPP-4 inhibitor
GLP-1 mimetics - MOA
Stimulation of glucose-dependent insulin secretion, ⇑ uptake of glucose by muscle and fat tissue, ⇓glucagon secretion, slowed gastric emptying, ⇑satiety, and ⇓ food intake.
Which incretin mimetics are associated with pancreatitis?
Exenatide, liraglutide (GLP-1 mimetics)
Which incretin mimetic is associated with thyroid C-cell turmor
Liraglutide
DPP-4 inhibitors - MOA
Increases GLP-1 levels: Stimulation of glucose-dependent insulin secretion, ⇑ uptake of glucose by muscle and fat tissue, ⇓glucagon secretion, slowed gastric emptying, ⇑satiety, and ⇓ food intake.
DPP-4 inhibitors - indications
Improve control in DM2
Sitagliptin, linagliptin and saxagliptin are especially useful for
Old and frail people
Amylin analogue (1 drug)
Pramlintide acetate
Amylin analogue - MOA
⇓Rate of rise of blood glucose by slowing gastric emptying, suppressing glucagon secretion and glucose output by the liver, ⇓appetite
Pramlintide acetate - indications
DM1 and DM2 on insulin treatment. Weight loss
