Antihyperglycemic drugs (Biguanides ans thiazolidinediones)

Question 1

Antihyperglycemic drugs (5 groups)

Answer 1

Biguanides
Thiazolidinediones
α-glucosinidase inhibitors
Incretin mimetics
Amylin analogue

Question 2

Biguanides (1 drugs)

Answer 2

Metformin

Question 3

Metformin - MOA

Answer 3

Decreases hepatic glucose output and glucose absorption from the gut. Increases glucose uptake and usage in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. Does NOT stimulate insulin secretion

Question 4

Metformin - contraindications

Answer 4

Renal/hepatic disease
Alcoholism
Predisposition for lactic acidosis

Question 5

What is the most serious adverse effect of metformin?

Answer 5

Lactic acidosis

Question 6

Metformin - adverse effects

Answer 6

Decreased weight
Diarrhea
Lactic acidosis

Question 7

Metformin - interactions

Answer 7

Cimetidine - inhibits metabolism of metformin

Question 8

Thiazolidinediones (2 drugs)

Answer 8

Pioglitazone

Rosiglitazone

Question 9

Thiazolidinediones - MOA

Answer 9

Agonists of PPAR- γ. Increases transcription GLUT-4 transporters. Results in ⇑insulin sensitivity and ⇓insulin resistance. Suppress hepatic glucose output

Question 10

Thiazolidinediones - Contraindications

Answer 10

Risk of heart failure

Question 11

Pioglitazone - indications

Answer 11

Poorly controlled DM2 unable or unwilling to use insulin.

Question 12

Which DM drugs increases risk of cardiovascular events?

Answer 12

Pioglitazone
Rosiglitazone
(Thiazolidinediones)