Breast Cancer Flashcards
Breast cancer
2nd leading cause of death in women
99% of breast cancer
women
most women develop
after 60 and postmenopausal
estrogen
More estrogen = higher risk.
Thus, more breastfeeding, less time w/ period,
Inc risk
dense breast tissue Alcohol exposure to radiation Family hx personal hx of other cancer smoking weight gain obesity (fat cells store estrogen) hyperestrogenism BrCA1 & BRCA2 = 49% chance
BRCA
49% more at risk, prophylactic oophorectomy and mastectomy can help.
Types!
noninvasive
invasive ductal (most common)
invasive lobular carcinoma
other types (inflammatory/Paget’s-nipple/Phyllodes-connective tissue)
HER-2 (protein that controls cellular growth in breast.)
-very bad, but easy to fix.
Estrogen and Progesterone Receptor
-hormone therapy which block receptors.
Triple Negative
- negative for all 3 types
- poor prognosis
- chemo and radiation
Manifestations
50% found in outer quadrant... Irregularly shaped Nipple discharge Unilateral discharge Dimpling of skin Recurrence
Intervene:
Know normal
Dx
Screenings Biopsies Lymph node analysis Axillary lymph node analysis (more risk than sentinel) Sentinel lymph node biopsy Estrogen and progesterone receptor status cell-proliferative indices genomic assay
More lymph nodes
Higher chance of recurrence
Radiation
External
Brachytherapy
Palliative
Drug Therapy
chemotherapy
hormone therapy
immunotherapy
Nursing Process
Assess
-size/hormones
Dx
Plan
- pain/drains/effective coping?
- preventing lymphedema
Lymphedema
Any lymph node removed puts someone at risk.
ADLs help
Exercise
Inc. risk for infection!
Treat…
Lymphedema interventions
hand pumps prop up arm-elevation prevent infection slowly implement ADLs. Oven mitts, V important on that arm.
