Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Leila's Yr 5 Pathology > Haematology 4 - Lymphoma 1 > Flashcards

Haematology 4 - Lymphoma 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Which main classification of lymphoma is most common?

A

NHL (80%)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Why are lymphocytes prone to lymphoma -give 3 reasons

A

1) Rapid proliferation in response to infection
2) VDJ recombination
3) Highly dependent on apoptotic processes so if this goes wrong then –> proliferation of abnormal cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Where does VDJ recombination occur?

A

In the bone marrow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

2 stages of immunoglobulin and TCR gene recombination

A

1) VDJ recombination

2) Class switch recombination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Enzyme involved in VDJ recombination

A

RAG1 + RAG2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Enzyme invovled in class switching/somatic hypermutation

A

Adenosine induced deaminase (AID)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Examples of oncogenes in lymphoma

A

Cyclin D1 Bcl-2Bcl-6 c-Myc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Risk factors for lymphoma

A

Constant antigen stimulation (Autoimmune disease) e.g. H.pylori/coeliac
Viral infection: HTLV-1/EBV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

H.pylori –> what kind of lymphoma?

A

Gastric MALT = marginal zone lymphoma of stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Sjogren’s –> –> what kind of lymphoma?

A

MZL of salivary glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis –> what kind of lymphoma?

A

MZL of thyroid gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Coeliac disease –> what kind of lymphoma?

A

EATL (type of NHL)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Loss of T cell function can give ries to which infection-driven lymphoma?

A

EBV driven B-cell NHL lymphomas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Chronic untreated HIV infection is associated with increased incidence of lymphoma via which mechanism

A

Loss of T-cell function + EBV driven B cell proliferation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

In the B cell follicles, where can naive B cells be found?

A

In the mantle zone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Where are T cells found?

A

Paracortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Where do mature B cells end up

A

Central medulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is found in the germinal centre?

A

B cells and APCs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Main immunohistochemistry markers for B, T cells and macrophages

A

B cells = CD19,20
T cells = CD3, CD5
Macrophages = CD68

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the most common subtype of NHL?

A

B cell

21
Q

Neoplastic lymphomas tend to be disseminated at presentation but there is an exception

A

The exception is HL, where usually only 1 or 2 LN groups are affected

22
Q

Why are there so many types of lymphoma?

A

Lymphomas can arise from any stage of lymphocyte development

23
Q

Where do the cells arise from in Hodgkin’s lymphoma?

A

Germinal centre

24
Q

On histology of lymphoma, what are large cells suggestive of?

A

High grade

25
Q

On immunophenotyping, you see abnormal expression of cyclin D1, which lymphoma is this suggestive of?q

A

Mantle cell lymphoma

26
Q

t(14;18)

A

Follicular lymphoma

27
Q

t(8;14)

A

Burkitt’s

28
Q

t(2;5)

A

Anaplastic large cell lymphoma (T cell)

29
Q

t(11;14)

A

Mantle cell lymphoma

30
Q

Low grade B cell NHLs (3)

A

Follicular lymphoma
Small lymphocytic leukaemia/CLL
Marginal zone lymphoma

31
Q

High grade B cell NHLs

A

Diffuse large B cell lymphoma

Mantle zone lymphoma

32
Q

Aggressive B cell NHL

A

Burkitt’s

33
Q

Follicular lymphoma is of germinal centre origin, this can be demonstrated by showing positive staining for..

A

CD10 and BCL6

34
Q

In follicular lymphoma, what do the follicles express which is abnormal?

A

BCL-2

35
Q

Diff between small lymphocytic leukaemia and CLL

A

SLL mainly confined to blood, CLL blood and LNs

36
Q

CD5 and CD23 +VE

A

SLL/CLL (normal B cells should never express these markers)

37
Q

How can you remove low grade marginal zone lymphoma?

A

Remove the antigen e.g by eradicating H.pylori

38
Q

Good and bad prognosis in diffuse large B cell lymphoma

A

Good: GC phenotype
Bad: p53 +ve and high proliferation

39
Q

Mantle cell lymphoma: translocation?

immunophenotyping markers?

A

t(11;14)

Cyclin D1 overexpression and CD5

40
Q

Starry sky appearance

A

Burkitt’s

41
Q

Burkitt’s

Translocation?

A

c-Myc t(8;14)

42
Q

Examples of special T cell lymphomas

A

ATLL
Anaplastic large cell lymphoma
Mycosis fungoides
EATL

43
Q

Large epithelioid cells in sheets

A

Anaplastic large cell lymphoma

44
Q

T-cell lymphoma which affects younger people

A

Anaplastic large cell lymphoma

45
Q

Key differences between HL and NHL

A

HL: more localised
HL: contiguous spread to adjacent LNs, NHL invovles multiple sites and spreads sporadically

46
Q

Types of HL

A

Classical:
Nodular sclerosing
Mixed cellularity
Lymphocyte rich/depleted

Lymphocyte predominant

47
Q

Diagnostic markers of HL

A

CD30, CD15

48
Q

Most common low grade NHL

A

Follicular

49
Q

Most common high grade NHL

A

DLBCL

Leila's Yr 5 Pathology (100 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions