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Leila's Yr 5 Pathology > Microbiology 3 - GI infections > Flashcards

Microbiology 3 - GI infections Flashcards

1
Q

what is the most common cause of travellers diarrhoea?

A

E.coli (ETEC)

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2
Q

3 different clinical syndromes of GI infections?

A

secretory diarrhoea, inflammatory diarrhoea and enteric fever

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3
Q

Bloody diarrhoea associated with outbreaks

A

EHEC (Haemorrhagic E coli O157)

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4
Q

most common cause of diarrhoea in <6? what type of diarrhoea?

A

Rotavirus

Secretory (due to toxin formation)

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5
Q

Most common cause of diarrhoea in <2 years? what type of diarrhoea?

A

adenovirus

secretory diarrhoea

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6
Q

what type of diarrhoea do viruses cause?

A

Secretory

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7
Q

diarrhoea definition

A

loose or watery stools >/=3x/24 hours

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8
Q

most common bloody travellers diarrhoea

A

Shigella

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9
Q

which organisms are reportable

A 
campylobacter
salmonella
shigella
E.coli o157
norovirus
listeria
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10
Q

bacteria with incubation periods <6 hours?

A

S.aureus

bacillus cereus

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11
Q

which infections have preformed toxins?

A

S.aureus
Bacilus cereus
Clostridium botulinum

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12
Q

pathophysiology of secretory diarrhoea

A

toxin production –> Cl- secretion in to lumen –> loss of water and electrolytes –> D+V

NO FEVER, just WATERY diarrhoe
no WBCs in stool!

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13
Q

features of inflammatory diarrhoea

A

FEVER
WBCs in stool sample (neutrophils)
+/- bloody diarrhoea

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14
Q

enteric fever features

A

FEVER

WBCs in stool (mononuclear cells)

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15
Q

examples of enteric fever causing organisms

A

salmonella typhi –> typhoid fever
yersinia
brucella

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16
Q

some causes of persistent or chronic diarrhoea

A

Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia lamblia, entamoeba histolytic, cyclospora

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17
Q

N+V <24 hours

A

S.aureus

B.cereus

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18
Q

vomiting and NON-BLOODY diarrhoea 2-3DAYS

A

NOROVIRUS

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19
Q

Features of S.aureus food poisoning

A

coagulase, catalase +Ve gram+ve coccus

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20
Q

superantigen in S.aureus

A

produces and entero and exotoxin which act as super antigen and cause release of IL-1 + 2 –> watery, NON bloody diarrhoea

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21
Q

examples of gram positive spore forming rods

A

Bacilus cereus
Listeria
clostridia

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22
Q

reheated fried rice, vomiting 4 hours after eating

A

b-cereus

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23
Q

three types of clostridium infection

A

c. botulinum
c. perfringens
c. difficile

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24
Q

descending paralysis with canned foods/honey

A

c.botulinum, treat with anti toxin

25
Q

8-16 hours after eating reheated meat, watery diarrhoea, vomiting lasting 24 hours, gas gangrene

A

C.perfringens

26
Q

3 C’s of c.difficile

A

cephalosporins, clindamycin and cirpfloxacin

27
Q

pseudomembranous colitis

A

c.difficile

28
Q

refrigerated food/ cold enhancement/ gram positive rod

A

listeria monocytogenes

29
Q

which E coli –> HUS?

A

EHEC, O157

30
Q

which part does E.coli act on?

A

Jejunum or ileum, NOT the colon

31
Q

EPEC; pathogenic –> ?

A

Infantile diarrhoea

32
Q

EIEC –>

A

Invasive, dysentery

33
Q

what should be avoided in the E.coli infections?

A

ANTIBIOTICS

34
Q

WHICH Subspecies of salmonella –> enterocolitis?

A

S.enteritidis

35
Q

6 clinical features of salmonella typhi infection?

A 
Transmitted by humans
Multiplies in Peyers' patches
Bacteraemia (SCD)
Slow onset, fever and CONSTIPATION
SPLENOMEGALY
ROSE SPOTS
36
Q

Treatment of S.typhi

A

Ceftriaxone

37
Q

Salmonella H2S producer? (HYDROGEN SULFIDE)

A

YES

38
Q

Shigella H2S producer?

A

NO

39
Q

MSM GI infection

A

sHIGELLA (S.FLEXNERI)

40
Q

Which GI infection is associated w necrotising granulomas and reactive arthritis?

A

Yersinia enterocolitis

41
Q

Name 2 GI infections which prefer 4C?

A

Listeria + Yersinia

42
Q

curved, comma shaped, rice water stools

A

Vibrio choelra

43
Q

curve, comma shaped, GBS

A

Campylobacter jejuni

44
Q

treatment of cholera

A

treat the losses

45
Q

treatment of C.jejuni

A

only tx if immunocompromised or if first 4-5 days of illness - macrolide

46
Q

symptoms of campylobacter jejuni

A

watery, foul smelling diarrhoea, bloody stool, fever and severe abdominal pain

47
Q

protozoa causing diarrhoea

A

Giardia lamblia
Entamoeba histolytica
Cryptosporidium parvum

48
Q

trophozoite, pear shaped with 2 nuclei

A

Giardia lamblia

49
Q

presentation of giardiasis?

A

foul smelling nON-BLOODY diarrhoea (fat and protein malabsorption)

50
Q

treatment of gardia

A

Metro

51
Q

entamoeba motile trophozoite –> ?

A

Diarrhoeal illness

52
Q

entamoeba non motile cyst –> ?

A

non-diarrhoea illness

53
Q

symptoms of diarrhoea entamoeba

A

dystentery, flatulence, tenesmus, LIVER ABSCESS

54
Q

Protozoa with 4 nuclei –> dysentery

A

ENTAMOEBA

55
Q

Treatment of entamoeba

A

Metronidozale + paromomycin

56
Q

cause of severe diarrhoea in immunocompromised? What is seen in the stool?

A

Cryptosporidium parvum

Oocytes

57
Q

rotavirus - what is required for lifelong immunity?

A

exposure to natural infection twice

58
Q

viral causes of diarrhoe

A

norovirus, rotavirus, adenovirus

59
Q

immunity in norovirus

A

NO LONG TERM IMMUNITY

Leila's Yr 5 Pathology (100 decks)

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