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z - biology > LM 2a & 2b cells > Flashcards

LM 2a & 2b cells Flashcards

1
Q

what is the basic unit of life?

A

a cell

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2
Q

what cell do plants have, containing chlorophyll, which absorbs energy from sunlight for conversion to chemical energy in photosynthesis?

A

chloroplasts

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3
Q

what is an organelle?

A

a cell structure that has a specific job

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4
Q

what are tissues?

A

a group similar cells that preform the same function

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5
Q

what is an organ?

A

A collection of tissues that carry out a specialised function of the body

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6
Q

what is an organ system?

A

group of organs coming together as a whole to accomplish a goal

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7
Q

what is an organism?

A

An individual living thing.

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8
Q

what is the control centre of the cell?

A

the nucleus (contains DNA)

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9
Q

where do most of the chemical reactions take place in a cell?

A

cytoplasm because it contains enzymes

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10
Q

what is a cell membrane?

A

A thin, flexible barrier around a cell; regulates what enters and leaves the cell.

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11
Q

what is a cell wall?

A

a rigid structure that surrounds the cell membrane and provides support to the cell.

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12
Q

where does aerobic respiration occur?

A

Mitochondria (powerhouse of the cell)

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13
Q

what is chlorophyll?

A

The green pigment in chloroplasts that absorbs light energy for photosynthesis, site of photosynthesis

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14
Q

what part of the cell stores water/cell sap?

A

vacuole

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15
Q

what do ribsomes make?

A

they make protein by bonding amino acids, they are normally free in the cytoplasm or attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum.

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16
Q

what structures do plant cells contain that animal cells do not?

A
  • vacuoles
  • cell wall
  • chloroplasts
17
Q

where are epithelial ciliated cells found?

A

lining of body cavities

18
Q

where are root hair cells found?

A

plant roots

19
Q

where are palisade cells found?

A

leaf cells in many plants

20
Q

where are nerve cells found?

A

nerves, spinal column and brains of animals

21
Q

where are red blood cells found?

A

blood of animals

22
Q

where are sperm found?

A

male gamete (sex cell)

23
Q

where are ovum (eggs) found?

A

female gamete (sex cell)

24
Q

what are the main uses and functions of epithelial ciliated cells?

A

selective absorption

  • cilia; special hair-like structures that catch particles.
    • Long and thin, so many can fit together.
25
Q

what are the main uses and functions of palisade cells?

A

Photosynthesis

  • Large surface areas to absorb lots of sunlight.
  • Many chloroplasts to help photosynthesis using the sunlight.
26
Q

what are the main uses and functions of root hair cells?

A

Absorbing water from the soil

  • Between 15-17micrometers in diameter.
  • Big surface areas to absorb water and minerals.
  • Lots of mitochondria to produce energy.
  • Long tubular shape.
27
Q

what are the main uses and functions of nerve cells?

A

Transmitting electric signals.

  • Long and thin.
  • Myolin sheaths.
  • Axon, which conducts the electronic signal.
  • Dendrites to pick up signals from other cells.
28
Q

what are the main uses and functions of red blood cells?

A

Carrying oxygen around the body.

  • Disc shaped, with a large surface area to absorb oxygen.
  • Red due to the haemoglobin molecule.
  • Small to flow through fine blood vessels.
29
Q

what are the main uses and functions of sperm?

A

Haploid cell which carries genetic information to fertilise the female sex cell.

  • Tail for propulsion.
  • Streamlined.
  • Tip to break through the ova walls.
30
Q

what are the main uses and functions of the ovum?

A

Haploid cell which holds genetic information to be fertilised by the male sex cell.

  • large and round and soft.
  • Easy to penetrate by the sperm.
31
Q

how do you calculate magnification equation?

A

magnification = image (drawing) size / actual size
I
A M

32
Q

what are the levels of organisation in the human body?

A

organelles -> cells -> tissues -> organs -> organ system

33
Q

why is it important to have cell differentiation?

A

it creates different structures in your body, and it allows for many structures to exist and function properly

34
Q

what are the positives of medicinal stem cell use?

A
  • may cure diseases

this is because stem cells can turn into any type of cell after producing clones

35
Q

what is cell differentiation?

A

process in which a cell changes to become specialised for its job

36
Q

what are the negatives of medicinal stem cell use?

A

using human embryos, some argue that it is a potential human life
- embryos used in research are normally unwanted ones from fertility clinics

z - biology (21 decks)

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