_A2_ 2 - Plant/ Animal Responses Flashcards
(21 cards)
Tropism
Directional growth response in which the direction of the response is determined by the direction of the external stimulus
Apical dominance
The growing apical bud at the tip of the shoot inhibits growth of lateral buds further down the shoot
cerebrum
The largest part of the brain.
Involved in vision, hearing, learning and thinking.
Has a thin layer called the cerebral cortex, which is highly folded.
Divided into two halves called cerebral hemisphere
the largest annd most recognisable part of the brain
Responsible for a few things in the nervous system associated with being human:
e. g.
- Thought
- Imagination
- Reasoning
Cerebellum
What does it coordiates?
Located underneath the cerebrum and it also has a folded cortex.
Important for posture, balance and muscle coordination.
Hypothalamus
Automatically Maintains body temperature.
Produces hormones that controls the pituitary gland
Found just beneath the middle part of the brain
A portion of the brain that contains various receptors that monitor the blood
also involved in controlling the ANS (autonomic nervous system)
Medulla oblongata
What does it control?
Is at the base of the brain, at the top of the spiral cord.
It automatically controls breathing rate and heart rate
CNS
Central Nervous system
Brain + Spinal Cord
PNS
Peripheral Nervous system
Consists of:
All the Sensory and Motor neurones outside the CNS
Connecting the receptors and the effectors
Neuromuscular Junction
a Specialised synapse between the end of a motor neurone and the muscle fibre membrane adjacent to it
Sarcomere
the smallest contractile unit of a muslce
Cross-Bridge
the name given to the attachment formed by a myosin head binding to a binding site on an actin filament
Fight or Flight response
the full range of coordinated responses of animals to situations of perceived danger
the combined nervous and hormonal response has dramatic effects on the whole organism making it ready for action that leads to confrontation of the danger or escape from it
Stressor
a stimulus that causes the stress response
causes wear and tear on the body’s physical or mental resources
Innate behviour
any animal response that occurs without the need for learning
it’s an inherited response similar in all members of the same species and is always performed in the same way in response to the same stimulus
Learned behaviour
animal responses that change or adapt with experience
Pavlov- Dog- Bell - Food - Salivation
Heirarchy
a group exists where individuals have a place in the order of importance within the group
often shown by individuals higher up in the hierarchy receiving more food or having more rights of access to mate with other individuals
Social Behaviour
organisms of a particular species living together in groups with relatively defined roles for each member of the group
DRD4
One of Five genes that code for dopamine receptor molecules
dopamine can bind to each of these receptor molecules but the cause differing effects because they lead ton different cellular responses
Psychosis
a Mental health condition characterised by an impaired grasp on reality,
Diminished impulse control and disorder of perception (hallucinations)
Longtitudinal study
an investigation in which the same individuals are studied repeatedly over a long period of time in order to gather relevant data about progression of the factors under investigation
Genetic Markers
Satellites
sections of DNA that have known positions on a chromosome and are known to be associated with a particular Gene
