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comptia a 1 > A+ 1201 Messer Notes > Flashcards

A+ 1201 Messer Notes Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of a laptop battery?

A

Power source when unplugged

Types include Lithium-Ion (Li-ion) and Lithium-Ion polymer (LiPo).

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2
Q

What are the advantages of Lithium-Ion batteries?

A

No ‘memory effect’

Lithium-Ion batteries maintain their capacity better than other types.

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3
Q

What is a common disadvantage of laptop batteries?

A

Charging diminishes capacity over time

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4
Q

What is the most-used component of a laptop?

A

Laptop keyboard

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5
Q

How can a laptop keyboard be replaced?

A

Can range from simple (few screws and ribbon cable) to complex

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6
Q

What type of memory do laptops typically use?

A

Small Outline Dual In-line Memory Module (SO-DIMM)

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7
Q

What is a limitation of some laptop memory?

A

Some laptops have memory soldered to system board (no upgrade possible)

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8
Q

What are the types of laptop storage?

A
  • Magnetic disk (traditional spinning drive, 2.5” form factor)
  • SSD (Solid-state drive, no moving parts, silent, fast)
  • M.2 drives (smaller form factor, no SATA cables)
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9
Q

What is a benefit of migrating from HDD to SSD?

A

faster data access speeds and lack of moving parts

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10
Q

What is one method for migrating from HDD to SSD?

A

Fresh OS install and data transfer

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11
Q

What does NFC stand for?

A

Near Field Communication

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12
Q

What is the function of Wi-Fi antennas in laptops?

A

Multiple antennas wrapped around screen

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13
Q

What is the purpose of a laptop microphone?

A

Built into display, suitable for casual use

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14
Q

What are the main functions of USB?

A
  • Universal wired communication
  • Charging and data transfers
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15
Q

What are the variants of USB?

A
  • Micro-USB
  • Mini-USB
  • USB-C
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16
Q

What is a characteristic of USB-C?

A

24-pin double-sided connector

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17
Q

What capabilities does USB-C have?

A
  • Can transmit DisplayPort
  • HDMI
  • Thunderbolt
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18
Q

What is the function of NFC?

A

Near Field Communication for small data exchange

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19
Q

What are some uses of NFC?

A
  • Payment systems
  • Transportation
  • Information exchange
  • Access tokens
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20
Q

What does hotspot/tethering allow a phone to do?

A

Turn phone into WiFi hotspot

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21
Q

What is a limitation of hotspot/tethering?

A

Dependent on phone type and provider

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22
Q

What type of network does Bluetooth create?

A

Personal Area Network (PAN)

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23
Q

What is the typical range of Bluetooth?

A

10 meters, 33 ft

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24
Q

What are some uses of Bluetooth?

A
  • Smartphones
  • Tethering
  • Headsets
  • Automotive integration
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25
What is the function of a stylus?
Advanced writing tool with pressure sensitivity
26
What does a docking station do?
Extends interfaces, adds functionality
27
What is the purpose of a trackpad?
Mouse replacement with multi-finger input
28
What is the function of cellular networks?
Divides land into 'cells' with antenna coverage
29
What is Airplane mode?
Controls enable/disable voice and/or data
30
What are the cellular generations and their characteristics?
* 3G: Introduced 1998, several Mbps, enabled GPS/mobile TV * 4G/LTE: Long Term Evolution, up to 150 Mbit/s * 5G: Launched 2020, up to 10 Gbps potential, significant IoT impact
31
What is the function of a SIM card?
Subscriber Identity Module, unique identifier
32
What does a DNS server do?
Convert names to IP addresses and vice versa
33
What are the components of the Domain Name System?
* Root servers * gTLDs (.com, .org) * ccTLDs (.us, .ca)
34
What is the purpose of DHCP?
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol for automatic IP address assignment
35
What does VLAN stand for?
Virtual Local Area Network
36
What does VPN stand for?
Virtual Private Network
37
What is a cable modem?
Broadband over cable using DOCSIS
38
What is the structure of an IPv4 address?
32-bit address (4 bytes)
39
What is a limitation of IPv4?
Supports only around 4.29 billion addresses
40
What are the private ranges of IPv4?
* 10.0.0.0/8 * 172.16.0.0/12 * 192.168.0.0/16
41
What is the structure of an IPv6 address?
128-bit address (16 bytes)
42
What is the capacity of IPv6 addresses?
340 undecillion addresses
43
What is the function of a router?
Routes traffic between IP subnets based on IP address
44
What are the types of switches?
* Unmanaged * Managed
45
What is the purpose of a firewall?
Filters traffic by port number (OSI layer 4)
46
What does PoE stand for?
Power over Ethernet
47
What is the function of a network interface card (NIC)?
Connects device to network
48
What is the purpose of a mail server?
Store incoming mail, send outgoing mail
49
What is the structure of coaxial cables?
Inner conductor and outer shield sharing common axis
50
What is the function of a web server?
Respond to browser requests using HTTP/HTTPS
51
What is a characteristic of LCD displays?
Light shines through liquid crystals
52
What is an advantage of OLED displays?
No backlight, thinner, lighter, flexible, accurate color
53
What does the refresh rate of a display indicate?
Cycles per second (Hz), higher for gaming/motion
54
What is the purpose of a tone generator?
Puts analog sound on wire for tracing
55
What is the function of a loopback plug?
Test physical ports
56
What is the purpose of a WiFi analyzer?
Monitor wireless networks, identify errors and interference
57
What is RG-6 used for?
TV/digital cable and high-speed internet
58
What does UTP stand for?
Unshielded Twisted Pair
59
What is the purpose of STP?
Shielded Twisted Pair for interference protection
60
What does S/FTP signify in cable shielding?
Braided shield around cable, foil around pairs
61
What is the purpose of Direct Burial STP?
Underground cable installation
62
What materials are used for Plenum-Rated Cable?
FEP or low-smoke PVC versus traditional PVC
63
What are T568A and T568B used for?
Pin assignment standards for twisted pair
64
What are the two types of optical fiber?
* Single-mode: Long-range (up to 100km), laser light source * Multimode: Short-range (up to 2km), LED light source
65
What is the maximum speed of USB 3.2?
20 Gbps
66
What does Thunderbolt 3/4 achieve?
40 Gbps, USB-C connector
67
What does HDMI stand for?
High-Definition Multimedia Interface
68
What is the primary function of SATA?
Serial AT Attachment. Connect storage devices like hard drives and solid-state drives (SSDs) to your computer's motherboard
69
What are the types of RJ connectors?
* RJ11: 6P2C, telephone/DSL * RJ45: 8P8C, Ethernet
70
What does DIMM stand for?
Dual inline memory module
71
What type of RAM requires constant refreshing?
DRAM - Dynamic Random Access memory: periodically reads data from capacitors and writes it back, essentially refreshing the memory constantly
72
What does ECC stand for in memory technologies?
Error Correcting Code
73
What is the primary characteristic of SSDs?
No moving parts, faster
74
What does RAID 0 provide?
Striping, high performance but no redundancy
75
What is the function of the BIOS?
Software to start computer, initialize hardware
76
What is the difference between Legacy BIOS and UEFI BIOS?
* Legacy BIOS: Original BIOS with limited hardware support * UEFI BIOS: Modern replacement with graphical interface
77
What is the purpose of TPM?
Trusted Platform Module: Hardware encryption for single device
78
What are the types of expansion cards?
* Sound Card * Video Card * Capture Card * Network Interface Card (NIC)
79
What are common issues when troubleshooting hardware?
* Crash Screens * POST Issues * Blank Screen * No Power * Performance Issues * Overheating * Unusual Noises * Time/Date Issues
80
What are common storage issues?
* Read/Write Failure * Slow Performance * Unusual Noises * Boot Failures * Data Corruption * RAID Problems * S.M.A.R.T. Warnings * Extended Access Times * Missing Drives
81
What are common display problems?
* Input Source Issues * Projector Issues * Image Quality Issues * Screen Issues * Audio Problems * Dim Image
82
What are common mobile device issues?
* Charging Problems * Connectivity Issues * Liquid Damage * Battery Issues * Screen Damage * Performance Issues * Cursor Drift * Application Installation Issues * Stylus Problems
83
What are common printer problems?
* Output Quality Issues * Garbled Print * Paper Jams * Print Queue Issues * Grinding Noises * Finishing Issues * Page Orientation Issues * Tray Recognition Issues * Connectivity Issues
84
What is virtualization?
One computer running multiple operating systems
85
What is a Type 1 hypervisor?
Hypervisor is primary OS
86
What are the cloud deployment models?
* Private * Public * Hybrid * Community
87
What does IaaS stand for?
Infrastructure as a Service: provides on-demand access to computing resources over the internet, such as virtual servers, storage, and networking. Essentially allowing organizations to rent IT infrastructure instead of purchasing and managing their own physical hardware
88
What does PaaS stand for?
Platform as a Service: a cloud computing model where a third-party provider delivers a complete platform for developing, deploying, and managing applications over the internet. Essentially providing tools and infrastructure necessary for application development, allowing developers to focus on coding and application logic rather than managing underlying infrastructure
89
What does SaaS stand for?
Software as a Service: a cloud-based model where users access software applications over the internet through a subscription instead of purchasing and installing them on their own devices. It offers a convenient way to use software, with providers managing the infrastructure, updates, and security
90
What are the characteristics of cloud computing?
* Shared Resources * Metered Utilization * Elasticity * Availability * File Synchronization * Multitenancy

comptia a 1 (11 decks)

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