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comptia a 1 > Full Monty > Flashcards

Full Monty Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the standard motherboard size for desktops?

A

ATX (Advanced Technology Extended)

ATX is the most common motherboard form factor used in desktop computers.

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2
Q

What type of RAM is used in laptops?

A

SO-DIMM (Small Outline DIMM)

SO-DIMM is designed for space-constrained environments like laptops.

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3
Q

What does BIOS/UEFI stand for?

A

Basic Input/Output System / Unified Extensible Firmware Interface

BIOS and UEFI are firmware interfaces that initialize hardware during the boot process.

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4
Q

What is the function of a CPU’s cache?

A

Temporary storage for frequently accessed data

Cache memory is faster than RAM and helps improve processing speed.

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5
Q

What is the maximum memory limit of x86 architecture?

A

4GB

x86 is a 32-bit architecture, limiting the addressable memory space.

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6
Q

What does ECC stand for in memory technologies?

A

Error Correcting Code

ECC memory can detect and correct data corruption, commonly used in servers.

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7
Q

What voltage outputs does a Power Supply Unit (PSU) typically provide?

A
  • 3.3V
  • 5V
  • 12V

12V is the most critical voltage for modern computer components.

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8
Q

What are the two types of cooling components in a computer system?

A
  • Passive Components
  • Active Components

Passive components include heat sinks, while active includes fans and liquid cooling systems.

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9
Q

What does LAN stand for?

A

Local Area Network

LANs cover a small geographic area like a building or campus.

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10
Q

What protocol is known for its reliability and connection-oriented nature?

A

TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)

TCP ensures reliable delivery through acknowledgments and error recovery.

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11
Q

What is the default subnet mask for Class A IP addresses?

A

255.0.0.0 or /8

Class A addresses have a very large range, suitable for large networks.

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12
Q

What frequency does the 802.11ac Wi-Fi standard operate on?

A

5 GHz

802.11ac supports higher speeds and less interference compared to lower frequency bands.

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13
Q

What is the maximum speed of 802.11n?

A

600 Mbps

802.11n uses MIMO technology to achieve higher data rates.

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14
Q

What is the primary function of a router?

A

Connect different networks together

Routers direct data packets based on IP addresses.

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15
Q

What does PoE stand for?

A

Power over Ethernet

PoE allows electrical power to be transmitted along with data over Ethernet cables.

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16
Q

What are the categories of twisted pair copper cables?

A
  • Cat5e
  • Cat6
  • Cat6a
  • Cat7/8

Each category has different performance specifications and applications.

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17
Q

What is a key feature of managed switches?

A

VLAN support

Managed switches provide advanced features like Quality of Service (QoS) and port mirroring.

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18
Q

What is the loopback address in IPv4?

A

127.0.0.1

The loopback address is used to test network applications without external network access.

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19
Q

Fill in the blank: A _______ is a connection point for network cables and helps organize cable management.

A

Patch Panel

Patch panels simplify the organization and management of network cables.

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20
Q

What type of fiber optic cable is used for long distances?

A

Single-Mode Fiber (SMF)

SMF has a narrow core that allows for higher bandwidth and longer distances.

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21
Q

What is the difference between Straight-through and Crossover cabling?

A

Straight-through: Same standard on both ends
Crossover: Different standards on each end

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22
Q

What are the two main types of Fiber Optic Cables?

A
  • Single-Mode Fiber (SMF): Narrow core for long distances
  • Multi-Mode Fiber (MMF): Larger core for shorter distances
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23
Q

Name four types of Fiber Optic Connectors.

A
  • SC (Subscriber Connector)
  • ST (Straight Tip)
  • LC (Lucent Connector)
  • MTRJ (Mechanical Transfer Registered Jack)
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24
Q

What is DHCP and what does it do?

A

DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) automatically assigns IP configuration to clients

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25
What are the four steps in the DHCP process?
* Discover * Offer * Request * Acknowledge
26
What is the purpose of DNS?
Resolves domain names to IP addresses
27
What are the key record types in DNS?
* A: Maps hostname to IPv4 address * AAAA: Maps hostname to IPv6 address * CNAME: Canonical name (alias) * MX: Mail exchange server * PTR: Reverse lookup (IP to name) * TXT: Text record (SPF, DKIM, DMARC)
28
What are VLANs?
Logically separate networks on the same physical infrastructure
29
Name three benefits of VLANs.
* Improved security through traffic isolation * Better performance by reducing broadcast domains * Simplified management
30
What is a VPN?
Secure connection over public network
31
What are the two types of VPNs?
* Site-to-Site: Connects entire networks * Client-to-Site: Connects individual users to a network
32
What are the advantages of Solid State Drives (SSDs)?
* Faster performance * Higher durability * Energy efficiency * Silent operation
33
What are the disadvantages of Hard Disk Drives (HDDs)?
* Slower * More prone to physical damage
34
What does RAID stand for?
Redundant Array of Independent Disks
35
What is RAID 0?
Striping: Data split across disks, increased speed, no redundancy
36
What is RAID 1?
Mirroring: Data duplicated across disks, full redundancy, 50% capacity loss
37
What is RAID 5?
Striping with parity: Can survive one disk failure, distributed parity information
38
What is RAID 6?
Striping with double parity: Can survive two disk failures
39
What is RAID 10?
Combines RAID 1 and 0: High redundancy and speed
40
List three types of removable storage devices.
* Flash Drives * Memory Cards * External Hard Drives
41
What is the function of a SIM Card?
Subscriber Identity Module, unique identifier for mobile devices
42
What are the two types of laptop batteries?
* Lithium-Ion (Li-ion) * Lithium-Ion polymer (LiPo)
43
What type of memory do laptops typically use?
SO-DIMM (Small Outline DIMM)
44
What is the purpose of NFC?
Short-distance networking (4cm or less)
45
What are the main technologies used in 3D printing?
* FDM (Fused Deposition Modeling) * SLA (Stereolithography) * SLS (Selective Laser Sintering)
46
What is the process of electrophotographic printing?
* Processing * Charging * Exposing * Developing * Transferring * Fusing * Cleaning
47
What type of ink does an Inkjet printer use?
Liquid ink (CMYK)
48
What is Direct Thermal printing?
Uses heat-sensitive paper, no ink/ribbon required
49
What are the main components of a laser printer?
* Imaging Drum * Fuser Assembly * Transfer Belt/Roller * Pickup Rollers * Toner Cartridge
50
What is the primary function of the BIOS?
Basic Input/Output System for hardware initialization
51
What is UEFI?
Unified Extensible Firmware Interface, modern replacement for BIOS
52
What should you verify for local connection issues in printers?
USB/cable connection and driver installation
53
What is a common troubleshooting step for network connection issues in printers?
Check IP address/DHCP settings and printer status
54
What is the purpose of the POST (Power-On Self-Test)?
Diagnostic sequence at startup
55
What does UEFI stand for?
Unified Extensible Firmware Interface
56
What is a key feature of UEFI compared to BIOS?
Supports up to 9.4 zettabytes and has faster boot times
57
What is the function of Secure Boot?
Verifies integrity of boot components
58
What does TPM stand for?
Trusted Platform Module
59
What is the role of a Hardware Security Module (HSM)?
Secure cryptographic key storage
60
What are the different modes available for cooling options in BIOS/UEFI?
* Quiet Mode * Balance Mode * Cool Mode * Fanless Mode * Custom Mode
61
What are the two types of hypervisors?
* Type 1 (Bare Metal) * Type 2 (Hosted)
62
What is a common use case for virtualization?
* Server consolidation * Application virtualization * Testing environments * Sandboxing for malware analysis * Cross-platform testing
63
What is the definition of a Private Cloud?
Organization's own virtualized data center with higher security
64
What does IaaS stand for?
Infrastructure as a Service
65
What is an example of a SaaS application?
Office 365 or Google Workspace
66
Fill in the blank: The process of identifying and solving problems is called _______.
Troubleshooting
67
What is the first step in the six-step troubleshooting process?
Identify the problem
68
What common issue can cause system crashes?
Insufficient resources or overheating
69
What is the recommended action for power issues in hardware troubleshooting?
Check power button connection and verify wall outlet
70
What does APIPA stand for and what does it indicate?
Automatic Private IP Addressing; indicates DHCP failure
71
What is a common symptom of a failing motherboard battery?
Inaccurate date/time
72
What should you check for when troubleshooting print quality issues?
* Low toner/ink * Clogged printhead * Driver issues
73
What is a common cause of paper jams in printers?
Debris in paper path or worn rollers
74
What is the purpose of a firewall in network security?
Filters traffic based on rules
75
What does NFC stand for and what is its typical range?
Near Field Communication; few inches range
76
What type of connection does DSL utilize?
Telephone lines
77
What does the acronym WISP stand for?
Wireless Internet Service Provider
78
What is the purpose of a protocol analyzer?
Examine network traffic for troubleshooting
79
What is one security consideration for IoT devices?
Place IoT devices on separate networks

comptia a 1 (24 decks)

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