A&P- Cardiovascular system definitions Flashcards
(22 cards)
Define Anticipatory rise
An increase in heart rate prior to exercise, due to a release of adrenaline
Define A-VO2 diff
Difference in oxygen content between arterial blood and venous blood
Define Blood pressure
The force exerted by the blood against blood vessel walls
Define Systolic blood pressure
Blood pressure while the heart is contracting
Define Diastolic blood pressure
Blood pressure while the heart is relaxing
Define Bohr shift
When the oxyhaemoglobin dissociation curve shifts to the right during exercise
Define Bradycardia
A reduction in resting heart rate below 60 bpm
Define Sino-atrial node
The heart’s pacemaker, sends an impulse through the atria causing them to contract
Define Cardiac hypertrophy
An increase in thickness of the muscular heart wall
Define Cardiac output
The volume of blood which leaves the left ventricle per minute.
Q= HR X SV
Define Heart rate
The number of times the heart contracts per minute
Define Stroke volume
The volume of blood that leaves the left ventricle per contraction
Define Cardiovascular drift
A reduction in stroke volume when exercising in warm conditions for longer than 10 minutes
Define High-density lipoproteins
‘good’ cholesterol which transports excess cholesterol to the liver to be broken down
Define Low-density lipoproteins
‘bad’ cholesterol, as too much can result in fatty deposits developing in the arteries
Define Haemoglobin
A protein found in red blood cells, combines with oxygen to form oxyhaemoglobin
Define Heart disease
Occurs when coronary blood vessels become blocked by fatty deposits, called atheroma, limiting oxygen supply to the heart
Define Myoglobin
Found in muscle cells, it stores and transports oxygen and has a higher affinity for oxygen than haemoglobin
Define Vasodilation
Widening of the arteries leading to working muscles, during exercise, so they can receive more blood
Define Vasoconstriction
Narrowing of the arteries leading to non-essential organs, during exercise, so more blood is available for the working muscles
Define Starling’s law
Increased venous return will lead to increased stroke volume
Define Stroke
Occurs when blood supply to the brain is cut off.
There are 2 types:
* Ischaemic- blood clot
* Haemorrhagic- burst blood vessel
