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A & P 1 > A&P Cells lecture 3 > Flashcards

A&P Cells lecture 3 Flashcards

1
Q

cell membrane

A
  1. “Plasma Membrane”
  2. “Plasmalemma”

Holds cell together and regulates what comes in and out

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2
Q

Phospholipid bilayer

A

hydrophobic tails and hydrophilic heads (phosphate)

  • fluid moving structure
  • Proteins embedded in structure and act as gateways or binding sites
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3
Q

Cytoplasm

A
  • jelly-like inside

- contains: proteins, electrolytes, metabolites, cytoskeleton, organelles

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4
Q

cytosol

A

fluid portion of cytoplasm

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5
Q

cytoskeleton

A

structural support

  • it gives shape/support to cell
  • allows to move and it anchors orgenelles.
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6
Q

Flagella

A

single hairs that or motile

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7
Q

cilia

A

smaller and much larger in quantity.

- oviduct and respiratory organs

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8
Q

organelles

A

membrane-bound structures in cytoplasm

- allow for creation of specialized environments

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9
Q

mitochondria

A

Power Plant of the cell
95% of the energy produced
Active Cells have far more mitochondria

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10
Q

Cristae

A

the folds in the mitochondria that allow for more surface area

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11
Q

Ribosomes

A

Most common organelle
site of protein synthesis
very mobile organelle
either attaches to ER (Rough) or moves to cytoplasm

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12
Q

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

A

where the ribosomes are attached to causing it to be studded or rough

attached the membrane of nucleus

modifies the protein in preparation for packaging when it sends it to the Golgi Apparatus

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13
Q

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

A

important in synthesis and storage of lipids such as phospholipids and steroids

Lg. quantity found in liver and glandular tissue

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14
Q

Golgi Apparatus

A

receives the newly processed proteins from rough ER and preps for packaging and then packages them

packages them by wrapping in vesicles and sending them out

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15
Q

Lysosome

A

specialized package (Vesicle) formed by Golgi Apparatus that contains strong enzymes to digest target.

Vesicles fuse with the target and release the enzymes to destroy it

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16
Q

autolysis

A

digestion of dead cells by release of the cells’ lysosomes

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17
Q

peroxisomes

A

small sacs which contain oxygen-dependent enzymes that detoxify compounds

“Janitor” of the cell

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18
Q

Centrioles

A

help organize the cell during cell division

  • made of cylinders of microtubules
  • serve as anchor point for flagella
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19
Q

Nucleus

A

“Command Center” of a cell
controls cell’s activities via protein synthesis
holds genetic make of the organism
some cell types have more than one nucleus or none at all

20
Q

Nuclear pores

A

where the nuclear envelopes fuse and create a channel

21
Q

Nuclear envelope

A

made up of 2 lipid bilayers

22
Q

Nucleolus

A

structure within the nucleus where ribosome components are made

Its a factory that makes factories

23
Q

DNA

A
  • Deoxyribonucleic acid
  • double helix with 4 bases that bond in pairs
  • stored as chromatin in nucleus
  • DNA is wound around Histones to stay tidy
24
Q

Histones

A

provides structural support for DNA

they change shape to expose parts of the DNA for transcription

25
Q

Intracellular fluid

A

fluid within the cell

26
Q

extracellular fluid

A

fluid outside the cell

27
Q

Interstitial Fluid

A

Fluid between the cells

28
Q

Membrane process

A

regulation what comes into and out of the cell through passive or active transports

29
Q

Passive transports

A

when solutes and molecules enter and exit the cell vie channels following down a concentration gradient
Goal is to reach equilibrium
Requires no energy

30
Q

Diffusion

A

Solutes following down a concentration gradient

Moves through generic and selective pores

31
Q

Facilitated diffusion

A

still down a concentration gradient but the molecule uses a carrier molecule

It can only move at the speed of the available carrier molecule

32
Q

Osmosis

A

mov’t of water from an area of low concentration of solutes to an area of high concentration of solutes.

33
Q

Osmotic pressure

A

pressure placed on the wall of the membrane when the water as passing through to get to an area of a higher concentration of solutes

  • greater the difference in concentration of solutes the great the osmotic pressure will be
34
Q

oncotic pressure

A

a special case of osmotic pressure between 2 specific places in the body (blood and Lymph)
- tends to pull fluid into the circulatory system

35
Q

Filtration

A

requires pressure gradient to move stuff so an outside source creates hydrostatic pressure to move the fluid from an area of high pressure to low pressure.

This moves the fluid through the membrane and is filtered. The filtering REQUIRES NO energy making this passive

36
Q

Hydrostatic pressure

A

pushing water and small molecules through a membrane from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure

37
Q

tonicity

A

related to concentration of solutes OUTSIDE the cell

38
Q

Isotonic

A

some concentration of solutes outside the cell as inside the cell

39
Q

Hypotonic

A

lower concentration of solutes outside the cell as inside the cell

40
Q

Hypertonic

A

higher concentration of solutes outside the cell as inside the cell

41
Q

active process

A

requires energy to move a molecule through the membrane against the concentration gradient

USES ATP

42
Q

Endocytosis

A

process of bringing something into the cell

43
Q

phagocytosis

A

swallowing solids to bring into the cell

44
Q

pinocytosis

A

swallowing a liquid to bring into the cell

45
Q

exocytosis

A
  • taking out of cell
  • removes waste or manufactured items (Hormones and Proteins)
  • opposite of Endo-
46
Q

Na+/K+ pump

A

a protein pump that utilizes ATP to move 2 NA+ out and the one K+ to come in. This causes change in membrane potential outside the cell compared to the inside.

47
Q

Membrane Potential

A
  • many cells have a baseline charge (voltage)
  • created by differing concentrations of ions across membrane
  • passive transport cause natural difference
  • active amplifies the membrane potential

*Important in cells that contract or respond to stimuli by signaling (i.e. Nerves and muscles)

A & P 1 (3 decks)

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