A&P Chem lecture 2

Question 1

organic compound

Answer 1

usually covalent bonds, Has Hydrocarbons

Question 2

inorganic bond

Answer 2

no hydrocarbons, usually ionic bonds

Question 3

hydrocarbons

Answer 3

compounds with carbons and hydrogens

Question 4

saturated

Answer 4

only single bonds between carbons and 4 molecules

Question 5

unsaturated

Answer 5

has double and triple bonds

Question 6

functional group

Answer 6

collection of atoms that attach to the Carbon backbone of a hydrocarbon (R). changes the function of the hydrdocarbon

Question 7

Ionic bonds

Answer 7

when atoms gain or lose an electron to complete outer shell, they become ionized (charged) and are then attracted to each other forming a bond.

Question 8

cation

Answer 8

positively charged ion (lost an electron)

Question 9

anion

Answer 9

negatively charged (gains an electron)

Question 10

covalent bond

Answer 10

MOST COMMON BOND IN LIVING ORGANISM

Sharing of electrons resulting in bonds

Question 11

polar covalent bond

Answer 11

when electrons spend time near one molecule of a bond creating slight charges (+/-) on that compound

Question 12

non-polar bond

Answer 12

equal sharing of an electron between the molecules

Question 13

hydrogen bonds

Answer 13

when a polar covalent bond occurs, the slightly positive charge of the Hydrogen molecule is attracted to other slightly negatively charged Oxygen atoms creating a bond.

Weakest of the bonds
can be strong in large quanities

Question 14

solute

Answer 14

substance that is dissolved in another substance

Question 15

solvent

Answer 15

substance that does the dissolving

Question 16

solution

Answer 16

when a solute is dissolved evenly in a solvent (cool-aid) evenly

Question 17

suspension

Answer 17

uneven dissolving of a solute in a solvent (muddy water)

Question 18

water

Answer 18

universal solvent

• lubricates
• good transport median
• high heat capacity
• less dense when frozen

Question 19

salt

Answer 19

ionic bond that when placed in water will break down to ionic forms of Na+ and Cl- and are now electrolytes

Question 20

acids

Answer 20

proton donor (H+)

Question 21

bases

Answer 21

proton acceptor (H+)

Question 22

Carbohydrates

Answer 22

most commonly a sugar

backbone of organic compounds

Question 23

glycoprotein

Answer 23

carbohydrate and a protein

Question 24

anabolism

Answer 24

building tissue

Question 25

catabolism

Answer 25

breaking down body tissues

Question 26

lipids

Answer 26

- use in energy - 3x as much energy stored in lipids than carbohydrates - can be stored

Question 27

Neutral fats

Answer 27

lipid- triglycerides - core is the glycerol molecule can be saturated or unsaturated

Question 28

phospholipids

Answer 28

lipid- diglyceride - 2 fatty acid chains and 3rd spot is a phosphate group

Question 29

fatty acids

Answer 29

hydrophobic, tail of bi-lipid membrane | Non-polar

Question 30

phosphate group

Answer 30

hydrophilic, head of bi-lipid membrane | Polar

Question 31

steroids

Answer 31

lipid - ring shaped, cholesterrol molecule is part of the main structure ALL hydrophobic

Question 32

hormones

Answer 32

type of steroid, most common steroid | TEST Question

Question 33

eicosanoids

Answer 33

lipid - that mediates body process

Question 34

protein

Answer 34

most abundant molecule in the body - mediates chem. reactions - structural purpose - part of defense mech.

Question 35

amino acids

Answer 35

string together to make proteins (At least 100) 20 different type ***Order determines function***

Question 36

peptide bond

Answer 36

amino acid linked together - 10 or more = polypeptide - 100 or more = protein

Question 37

how to get order of amino acid

Answer 37

organism's DNA determines order of aminos and the shape of the protein (amino train)

Question 38

Primary Structure

Answer 38

Protein order of amino acids

Question 39

Secondary Structure

Answer 39

Protein's twists and folds

Question 40

Tertiary Structure

Answer 40

Protein's overall shape

Question 41

Enzymes

Answer 41

can act as catalysts or proteins that can accelerate chemical reaction

Question 42

What affects enzymes work eithic?

Answer 42

Temp. and pH

Question 43

Nucleic Acids

Answer 43

RNA (Ribonucleic acid) DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) Adenine, thymine or Uracil, guanine, cytosine

Question 44

what determines the type of protein to be made?

Answer 44

sequence of nucleotides

Question 45

DNA

Answer 45

Blueprint for building proteins - double helix - adenine & thymine - cytosine & guanine

Question 46

genes

Answer 46

sequence of nucleotides that carry the code for 1 peptide chain

Question 47

RNA

Answer 47

1 string of nucleotides | transfers DNA's instruction from nucleus to cell cytoplasm (outside the nucleus)

Question 48

transfer RNA

Answer 48

copies info in DNA molecule | From shelf to cart in a specific ord

Question 49

Messenger RNA

Answer 49

Carries info out of nucleus to the ribosome | Movies the shopping cart

Question 50

Ribosomal RNA

Answer 50

Acts as the template to help create protein

Question 51

ATP

Answer 51

Adenosine Triphosphate | primary source of energy of cell

Question 52

Mitochondria

Answer 52

****TEST**** | Power plant for the cell, makes the ATP through cellular respiration

Question 53

Cristae

Answer 53

the tendrils inside the Mitochondria